Slide 1Slide 2Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen HuffmanLecture OverviewImportant DefinitionsTheories and Concepts of MotivationTheories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation)Drive-Reduction TheoryArousal TheoryTheories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation Cont.)Slide 11Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsMotivation and Behavior— Hunger and EatingSlide 14Hunger and Eating--Eating DisordersSlide 16Motivation and Behavior—AchievementTheories and Concepts of EmotionPhysiological Component and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)Slide 20Slide 21Theories and Concepts of Emotion-- Four Theories of EmotionSlide 23Can You Explain Why Pleasant Feelings Increase When Teeth Show?What Theory of Emotion is Portrayed in this Figure?Critical Thinking about Motivation and EmotionCritical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion—Intrinsic Vs. ExtrinsicCritical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion— The PolygraphCritical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion- The PolygraphCritical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion— Emotional Intelligence (EI)Culture, Evolution, and EmotionPlutchik’s Wheel of EmotionsSlide 33©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Note to the Instructor:The following PowerPoint slides include the core concepts and key terms of Chapter 12 in Psychology in Action (8e). 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Enjoy!Note to the Instructor (Continued):©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Psychology in Action (8e)by Karen HuffmanPowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 12: Motivation and EmotionKaren Huffman, Palomar College©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Lecture OverviewTheories and Concepts of MotivationMotivation and BehaviorTheories and Concepts of EmotionCritical Thinking about Motivation and Emotion©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Important DefinitionsMotivation: set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goalEmotion: subjective feeling including arousal, cognitions, and expressions©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Theories and Concepts of Motivation©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation)Biological Theories:1. Instinct--inborn, unlearned behaviors universal to species explain motivation2. Drive-Reduction--internal tensions “push” toward satisfying basic needs 3. Arousal--motivated toward optimal level of arousal©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Drive-Reduction Theory©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Arousal Theory•People seek an optimal level of arousal that maximizes their performance.©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation Cont.)Psychosocial Theories: 1. Incentive -motivation results from the “pull” of external environmental stimuli 2. Cognitive -motivation affected by attributions and expectations.©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Biopsychosocial Theory:1. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: interaction of biological, psychological, and social needs; lower motives (physiological and safety) must be met before higher needs (belonging, self-esteem)Theories and Concepts of Motivation: (Major Theories of Motivation Cont.)©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Motivation and Behavior—Hunger and EatingBiological factors: stomach, biochemistry, the brain Note the size difference in the rats. The rat on the left had the ventromedial area of its hypothalamus destroyed.©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Motivation and Behavior—Hunger and EatingPsychological factors: visual cues, cultural conditioningObesity is common for Pima Indians in U.S., but not for those in nearby Mexico with traditional diet.©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Hunger and Eating--Eating Disorders•Obesity appears to result from numerous biological and psychosocial factors•Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both characterized by an overwhelming fear of becoming obese and explained by multiple biological and psychosocial factors©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Hunger and Eating--Eating Disorders©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Motivation and Behavior—Achievement•Characteristics of a high need for achievement (nAch):–Prefers moderately difficult tasks–Prefers clear goals with competent feedback–Competitive–Prefers responsibility –Persistent–More accomplished©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action (8e)Theories and Concepts of EmotionThree Components of Emotion1. Physiological- arousal comes from brain (particularly the limbic system) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2007 Huffman: Psychology in Action