8/26/20101Equine Distal LimbEquine Distal LimbNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyEquine Distal LimbEquine Distal LimbNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyNormal Radiographic AnatomyKari L. Anderson, DVM, DACVRKari L. Anderson, DVM, DACVRCollege of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaKari L. Anderson, DVM, DACVRKari L. Anderson, DVM, DACVRCollege of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaObjectives»» Understand basic principles of Understand basic principles of interpretation of the distal limbinterpretation of the distal limb»» Know how to prepare for radiography of Know how to prepare for radiography of the distal limbthe distal limbthe distal limbthe distal limb»» Know how to obtain and name views of Know how to obtain and name views of the distal limbthe distal limb»» Recognize and name relevant anatomy of Recognize and name relevant anatomy of the distal limbthe distal limbWhat’s Wrong? Anatomic NomenclaturePositioning Markers»» Label which limb (right/left, front/rear)Label which limb (right/left, front/rear)»» Labels should be placed at the Labels should be placed at the dorsal/cranialaspect on the lateromedial views and at the aspect on the lateromedial views and at the lateral aspect on DP(CrCd) and oblique views aspect on DP(CrCd) and oblique views Lateromedial view Dorsopalmar view DLPM oblique viewPrinciples for Interpretation»» Arrange radiographs consistentlyArrange radiographs consistentlyLLLLLDP LATERAL DLPMO DMPLO FLEXEDLATERAL8/26/20102EquipmentFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Restraint»» Halter/LeadHalter/Lead»» SedationSedation»» MiscMiscFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Distal Phalanx (P3)»» PreparationPreparation minimize artifactsminimize artifacts remove shoe, clean, packremove shoe, clean, pack»» Radiographic viewsRadiographic views lateromedial and 45lateromedial and 45ooDPODPO horizontal beam DP, horizontal beam DP, obliquesobliquesFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Lateromedial ViewFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Tack placed at frog to check hoof balanceWire placed for dorsal hoof wallLateromedial ViewDistal Phalanx *1.1. Extensor processExtensor process2.2. Palmar processPalmar process3.3. Solar marginSolar marginLateromedial ViewDistal Phalanx *Distal Phalanx *1. Extensor process2.2. Palmar processPalmar process3.3. Solar marginSolar margin8/26/20103Lateromedial ViewDistal Phalanx *Distal Phalanx *1.1. Extensor processExtensor process2. Palmar process3.3. Solar marginSolar marginLateromedial ViewDistal Phalanx *Distal Phalanx *1.1. Extensor processExtensor process2.2. Palmar processPalmar process3. Solar marginHorizontal Beam DPFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Horizontal Beam DP*Distal Phalanx11Extensor processExtensor process1.1.Extensor processExtensor process2.2. Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canalHorizontal Beam DP*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1Extensor process1.Extensor process2.2. Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canalHorizontal Beam DP*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx11Extensor processExtensor process1.1.Extensor processExtensor process2. Solar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal8/26/20104Horizontal Beam DP*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx11Extensor processExtensor process1.1.Extensor processExtensor process2.2. Solar marginSolar margin3. Solar canalDorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal obliqueFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 1993Remnant of shoe nailDorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6.6. Crena Crena Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1. Extensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6.6. Crena Crena Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process2Solar margin2.Solar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6.6. Crena Crena Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3. Solar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6.6. Crena Crena8/26/20105Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4. Vascular channels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6.6. Crena Crena Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5. Palmar process6.6. Crena Crena Dorso 45º (65º) proximal-palmarodistal oblique*Distal Phalanx*Distal Phalanx1.1. Extensor processExtensor process22Solar marginSolar margin2.2.Solar marginSolar margin3.3. Solar canalSolar canal4.4. Vascular Vascular channelschannels5.5. Palmar processPalmar process6. Crena Variable Extensor ProcessSide Bone»» Ossification of the collateral cartilages of Ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanxthe distal phalanxNavicular Bone»» PreparationPreparation as for distal phalanxas for distal phalanx»» Radiographic viewsRadiographic views lateral, 65lateral, 65ooDP, flexor DP, flexor tangentialtangential horizontal beam DP, 45horizontal beam DP, 45ooDP, DP, obliquesobliquesFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Morgan JP, 1993Morgan JP, 19938/26/20106Lateromedial ViewFrom From Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed, Tech of Vet Rad, 5th ed,