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1CVM 6101Radiographic Anatomy of the AbdomenChris Warrington, DVMMedical Imaging DepartmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Goals & Expectations:– Identify specific structures or parts thereof– Understand why the views (projections) look as they do– Keep in mind that the items listed in the “to know” lists are from the perspective of practicing radiologists– If asked, be able to describe what soft-tissue (muscle, tendon, ligament, vessel, or alimentary/parenchymal) structure(s) attach to, pass through, or lie in contact with a given anatomic landmark or regionVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Approach:– Introductory lectures defining the important structures and how they are viewed radiographicallyOii dlb–Open session, instructor proctored group laboratory exercises wherein actual radiographs of the anatomic structures are viewed and understood– Web-based self-study sets on the web site http://www.cvm.umn.edu/vetrad/, under the “Student Information” linkVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Sources of Information:– Anatomy Textbooks–Radiographic Anatomy TextbooksRadiographic Anatomy Textbooks– General Veterinary Imaging Textbooks– U-MN Medical Imaging web site -http://www.cvm.umn.edu/vetrad/Veterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTATo Know List1) liver• 2) spleen• 3) left and right kidneys• 4) urinary bladder• 5) small intestine• 6) colon• 7) rectum• 8) prostate gland• 9) left and right diaphragmatic crura•10)diaphragmatic cupola10)diaphragmatic cupola• 11) approximate area of the adrenal glands• 12) approximate area of the pancreas• 13) xiphoid of the sternum• 14) approximate area of the uterus• 15) approximate area of the left and right ovaries• 16) stomach: cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus/pyloric antrum regions• 17) cecum18) approximate area of the caudal vena cava, aorta, and iliac (sublumbar) lymph nodes• 19) region of the falciform fatNormal Lateral View (Canine)Veterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA2Normal VD View (Canine)Veterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTANormal (Fat) Feline – Lateral ViewRegion of falciform fat (very prominent in this cat)Normal (Fat) Feline – Lateral ViewRegion of falciform fat (very prominent in this cat)Normal (Fat) Feline –VD ViewInterpretive Background: Abdomen• Peritoneal organs (surrounded by peritoneum and obscured by peritoneal fluid) include liver, spleen, pancreas, alimentary organs, urinary bladder, uterus, ovary, prostate (depending on li)d ilhdlocation) and mesenteric lymph nodes• Retroperitonealorgans (only partially surrounded by peritoneum and NOT obscured by peritoneal fluid) include great vessels, kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters (except very distal), urethra and retroperitoneal lymph nodesVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Diaphragm:–VD/DV and RL/LR views– Beware of superimposed structures including vertebrae, ribs, sternebrae, lungs, stomach, nipples, fascial planes, trachea, etc.– Remember, the diaphragm is a sling-like muscle that “actively” contracts (caudally) and “passively” relaxes (cranially) [numerous influences such as lungs, abdominal fat, etc.]Veterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA3CVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Diaphragm: Specific Morphology– Hiatus for caudal vena cava– Hiatus for aorta– Hiatus for esophagus (esophagus, vagal n)• For more review, see normal thoracic lectureVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Diaphragm– Aortic hiatusVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Diaphragm– Caudal vena cava hiatusVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Diaphragm– Esophageal hiatusVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Stomach:–VD/DV and RL/LR as well as horizontal-beam viewsBfid ildib–Beware of superimposed structures including vertebrae, ribs, sternebrae, lungs, nipples, fascial planes, liver, etc.– Remember, the stomach is like a wine skin with an outlet on both ends (distension changes its shape)– The stomach responds to forces from regional organs and masses by changing shapeVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Stomach: Broad Anatomic Regions– Cardia– Fundus– Body– PylorusVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA4CVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Stomach:– Appearance changes depending on DV (sternalrecumbency) vs. VD (spinal recumbency) views (with the Xray beam centered on the last rib):the X-ray beam centered on the last rib): • On DV views, the gas is primarily in the cardiac region with less in the pyloric region; fluid is in the body region• On VD views, the fluid is primarily in the cardiac region with less in the pyloric region; air is in the body region• Appearance may vary depending on the relative amounts of fluid and gasVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Stomach–DV– Gas in cardia/fundus (*) and pyloric antrum (+)+and pyloric antrum (+)Veterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA*+CVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Stomach–VD– Gas in body/fundusVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]• Stomach:– Appearance changes depending on R vs. L recumbentlateral views (with the X-ray beam centered on the last rib):rib): • On R lateral views, the gas is primarily in the cardiofundic region with fluid in the pyloric region (may look like ball)• On L lateral views, the gas is primarily in the pyloric region with fluid in the cardiofundic region• Appearance may vary depending on the relative amounts of fluid and gasVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTACVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Stomach– R lateral recumbency*–Gas in cardia/fundus (*)– Fluid in pylorus (+)• Can look like a ballVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA*+CVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Stomach– R lateral recumbency*– Gas in cardia (*)– Fluid in pylorus (+)• Can look like a ballVeterinary Medical CenterUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA*+5CVM 6101 [Imaging Anatomy]Stomach– L lateral recumbencyGas in pylorus (+)*–Gas in pylorus (+)– Fluid in cardia/fundus (*)Veterinary


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U of M CVM 6101 - Radiographic Anatomy of the Abdomen

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