Chapter 12 Photography and Time Based Media 11 13 2012 Eadweard Muybridge Annie G Cantering Saddled Inspired other artists Photography Phos light Graphos writing Walker Evans Roadside Store between Tuscaloosa and Greensboro Example of just such instant collage Evans s mission as a photographer was to capture every aspect of American visual reality Early History The word camera is the Latin word for room Camera obscura was routinely used by artists to copy nature accurately In England William Henry Fox Talbot presented a process for fixing negative images on paper coated with light sensitive chemicals a process called photogenic drawing In France a different process which yielded a positive image on a polished metal was named the daguerreotype William Henry Fox Talbot Mimosoidea Suchas Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre Le Boulevard du Temple Richard Beard Maria Edgeworth Talbot The Open Door Was the first artistic picture that changed the way we used the Calotype In 1850 the English sculptor Frederick Archer introduced a new wetplate collodion photographic process that was almost universally adopted within five years In a darkened room he poured liquid collodion over a glass plate bathed in a solution of silver nitrate Julia Margaret Cameron Portait of Thomas Carlyle Timothy O Sullivan Harvest of Death Form and Content Alfred Stieglitz The Steerage Charles Sheeler Criss crossed Conveyors Ford Plant Hired by Ford Sebastiao Salgado Four Figures in the Desert An My Le Small Wars ambush I Henri Carier Bresson Athens The Photographic Print and Its Manipulation Ansel Adams who with Colleague Fred Archer Developed the Zone System in the late 1930 s Adams defined the Zone System as a framework for understanding exposures and development and visualizing their effect in advance A zone represents the relation of the image s brightness to the value or tone that the photographer wishes it to appear in the final print Aperture the size of the opening of the lens Dodging decrease the exposure of selected areas of the print that the photographer wishes to be lighter Burning increase the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker Ansel Adams Moonrise Hernandez Jerry N Uelsmann Color Photography Joel Meyeroqitz Porch Uses advantage of dynamic color ocntrasts Annie Leibovits Karen Finley at her home in Nyack Edgar Degas After the Bath Andreas Gursky 99 Cent Editing is the process of arranging the sequences of a film after it has been shot in its entirety Fernand Leger Ballet Mecanique D W Griffith Battle scene from the Birth of a Nation Nam June Paik Video Flag Chapter 13 11 13 2012 Richard Serra The Matter of Time Possesses both a physical presence and a temporal dimension Sculpture is one of the oldest and most enduring of all the arts Types of Sculputre Carving Modeling Casting Construction Assemblage Installation art Earthworks Sculpture can be either subtractive or additive in nature In subtractive processes the sculptor begins with a mass of material larger than the finished work and removes material or subtracts from the mass until the work achieves its finished form Carving is a subtractive process In additive processes the sculptor builds the work adding material as the work proceeds Modeling construction and assemblage are additive processes Maidens and Stewards Low relief Yu the Great taming the Waters Giovanni da Bologna The Rape of the Sabine Women its is in part the horror of the scene that lends the sculpture its power Craving Michelangelo Atlas Patrocinio Barela Nativity Praxiteles Hermes and Dionysos Created contrapposto or counter balance which resulted in an even greater sense of naturalism and movement Robert Arneson Case of Bottles Rough handmade quality of clay Casting Employs a mold into which some molten material is poured and allowed to harden Auguste Rodin The Burghers of Calais Created from Bronze Nancy Gravs Variability and Repetition of Similar Forms Pays homage to Rodin s Burghters Assemblage is the process of bringing individual objects or pieces together to form a larger whole Luis Jimenez Howl Louise Nevelson Sky Cathedral Robert Gober Untitled Clyde Connell Swap Ritual Eva Hesse Contingent Installation Art that radically introduces sculptural and other materials into a space in order to transform our experience of it Nancy Rubins Pleasure Point Kara Walker Insurrection Her primary tool is the silhouette a form of art that was popularized in the courts of Europe Eleanor Antin Minetta Lane A Ghose Story James Turrell A Frontal Passage Earthworks Larger works that are more our visual experience of it depends on multiple points of view Robert Smithson Spiral Jetty Landscape Made of mud salt crystals rocks and water Nancy Holt Sun Tunnels Holes cut into the walls of the tunnels duplicate the arrangement of the stars in 4 constellations Karent McCoy Considering Mother s Mantel Chapter 15 Architecture 11 13 2012 Architecture Philip Johnson and John Burgee College of Arhitecture University of Houston Environment or distinct landscape characteristics of the local site Technology the materials and methods available to a given culture In early civilizations was designed to imitate natural forms Pyramids of Menkaure Kafre and Khufu Ziggurat Are flatter and wider than their Egyptian counterparts Believed that the mountaintops were not only the source of precious water but also the dwelling place of the gods Tomas Coram View of Mulberry House and Street Slaves had houses much like they did in Africa Mesa Verde Spruce Tree House The Anasazi lived in these Cliffside caves for hundreds perhaps thousands of years Kiva a round covered hole in the center of the communal plaza in which all ceremonial life took place Sipapu a small round hole symbolic of the Anasazi creation myth which told of the emergence of the Anasazi s ancestors from the depths of the earth Technology Shell system in which one basic material provides both the structural support and the ouside covering of the building Skeleton and skin system consists of a basic interior frame the skeleton that supports the more fragile outer covering the skin Tensile strength is the ability of a building material to span horizontal distances without support and without buckling in the middle Boad Bearing Construction Make the walls themselves bear the weight of the roof Post and Lintel Consists of a horizontal beam supported at each end by a vertical post or a wall Lion Gate at Mycenae o Fundamental to all Greek architecture