Chapter 10 Printmaking 10 22 2012 Vija Celmins Erasers Henri Matisse Collage work By cutting pieces out and placing them onto another Print making Began in china around the 800 s Diamond Sutra Tang Dynasty China Earliest known printed publication Buddha made for universal free publication Mass Distribution Popularization of iconographic symbols Shared visual culture Distinguishes characteristics of the medium of Printmaking o Guttenberg Bible 1450s Moveable type Access to printed information Nuremberg Chronicle 1493 Illustrated history of the world Paper Illustration of Venice Italy Woodcut The Nurember Chronicle View of Venice Hartmann Schedel Five Basic Printmaking Processes Relief Intaglio Lithography Silkscreen Monotype Print Single impression Edition Series of impressions Matrix original print surface usually wood or metal Artist s Proof AP Prophet Emila Noide Woodcut Great contrast resulting in high drama Yin Generative nurturing passive the earth Associated with the feminine principles Yang Active Aggressive The sky Associated with the masculine principles Utamaro Japanese Prints Japonaiserie The Courtesan after kasai Eisen Vincent Van Gogh Keen interest in Jpanese Art The Bath Mary Cassatt Flat silhouette shapes against a bare background Devoid of traditional shading J W Powell Noon Day Rest in Marbia Canyon From Exploration of the Colorado River of the West Paul Gaugin Watched by the Spirit of the Dead Adam and Eve Fourth State Durer Book Notes Chapter 10 10 22 2012 Frontispiece Diamond Sutra from Cave 17 Medium of printmaking appears to have originated in China in the 19th century CE Printmaking spread westward from China The Nuremberg Chronicle View of Venice Hartmann Schedel Was inteneded as a history of the world A Print is defined as a single impression example of an image that has been transferred through pressure onto paper from a matrix the surface upon which the design has been created Relief Processes The term relief refers to any printmaking process in which the image to be printed is raised off the background in reverse Woodcut A design is drawn on the surface of a wood block Emile Nolde Prophet Feel the portrait emerging out of the very gouges Nolde s knife made in the block Niskhiki e or brocade pictures Suzuki Harunobu Two Courtesans Inside and Outside the Display Window Japanese Yin and Yang Yin is generataive nurturing soft with feminine principles Yang is active hard and aggressive and is associated with the masculine Suzuki Harunobu Visiting Kayoi European artists became particularly interested in the woodblock process in the 19th century Vincent van Gogh Japonaiserie The courtesan The central figure in the painting is copied from a print of a magazine Mary Cassatt The Bath Impressed with Jap art and its interest in the intimate world of women the daily routines of domestic existence Kitagawa Utamaro Shaving a Boy s Head Her whole composition is made up of flatly silhouetted shapes against a bare ground the whole devoid of the traditional shading and tonal variations that create the illusion of depth in Western art Wood Engraving Wood engraving is a white line technique in which the fine narrow grooves cut into the block do not hold ink J W Powell Noon Day Rest in Marble Canyon Linocut Is similar to a woodcut except as its name suggests the block is made of linoleum instead of wood Easier to cut Registration is created by a series of different blocks one for each different color each of which is aligned with the others The Tube Train Cyril E Power s Linocut Rhythm and repetition create both a sense of the movement of modern life and its monotony Intaglio Processes Italian word for engraving and the method was created in armories in the middle ages Modeling and shading are achieved in the same way as in drawing by hatching cross hatching and often stippling Engraving Accomplished by pushing a small V Shaped metal rod called a burin across a metal plate forcing the metal up in slivers in front of the line Line engravings were commonly used to illustrate books and reproduce works of art in the era before the invention of photography J M W Turner Snow Storm Steamboat off a harbor s Mouth Captures the play of light and dark in the original by using a great variety of lines of differing width length and density Etching Is a much more fluid and free process than engraving and is capable of capturing something of the same sense of immediacy as the sketch Albrecht Durer Adam and Eve Fourth State Creating an etching is a twofold process consisting of a drawing stage and an etching stage The metal plate is first coated with an acid resistant substance called a ground Rembrandt The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds Is one of the most fully realized etchings ever printed Created a feeling that the angel is associated with light Kathe Kollwitz Death Womanm and Child Deliberately avoiding the use of color in her work Dry point Third form of intaglio printing is known as dry point Dry point line is scratched into the copper plate with a metal point that is pulled across the surface not pushed as in engraving A ridge of metla called a burr is pushed up along each side of the line giving a rich velverty soft texture to the print when inked Mary Cassatt s The Map The softness of line generated by the drypoint process is especially appealing Mezzotint and Aquatint Mezzotint in effect a negative process The plate is first ground all over using a sharp curved tool called a rocker which leaves a burr over the entire surface that if inked would result in a solid black print Aquatint relies for its effect on tonal areas of light and dark o Invented in France Prince Rupert The Standard Bearer Credited with the invention of the rocking tool used to darken the plate Jane Dickson Stairwell Pure aquatint Lithography Means stone writing Planographic praint making process means that the printing surface is flat Discovered accidentally by a young German playwright named Alois Senefelder Honore Daumier Rue Transnonain Direct reportage of the outrages committed by government troops during an insurrection in the Parisian workers quarters Tatyana Grosman established Universal Limited Art Editions in West Islip New York Primary motivation was to make available to the best artists a quality printmaking environment Elaine de Kooning Lascaux 4 Was inspired by the prehistoric cave drawings at Lascaux France June Wayne One of the great innovators of the lithographic process in the last 50