Biological transitions II: Implications for adolescent developmentImplications of pubertySlide 3Early versus late pubertySlide 5Slide 6Slide 7Why are early developing girls at risk?Slide 9Physical problems related to pubertyEating DisordersPowerPoint PresentationSlide 13Glamorized by media?Slide 15At the very least, mixed messages…Eating disordersSub-clinical eating disorder symptomologyBiological transitions II: Biological transitions II: Implications for Implications for adolescent developmentadolescent developmentImplications of pubertyImplications of pubertyImplications for moodImplications for mood–Mood rapidly fluctuates in Mood rapidly fluctuates in veradolescenceveradolescence–Likely to be due to frequent changes in Likely to be due to frequent changes in activitiesactivitiesImplications of pubertyImplications of pubertyHow does puberty impact sleep?How does puberty impact sleep?–When allowed to regulate own sleep cycles, adolescents When allowed to regulate own sleep cycles, adolescents typically go to bed later than before (around 1am) and typically go to bed later than before (around 1am) and also wake up later (around 10am)also wake up later (around 10am)New pattern: New pattern: delayed phase preferencedelayed phase preference–Not consistent with school schedules!Not consistent with school schedules!–The time when adolescents are at their The time when adolescents are at their ““bestbest”” is just is just when school lets out!when school lets out!Sleep deprivation in adolescents linked to lower gradesSleep deprivation in adolescents linked to lower gradesEarly versus late pubertyEarly versus late pubertyThe The ““timingtiming”” of puberty influences of puberty influences adolescentsadolescents’’ experiences experiences Effects are different for boys and girlsEffects are different for boys and girlsWhat matters most for outcomes is What matters most for outcomes is adolescentsadolescents’’ perceptions of whether perceptions of whether they are early or latethey are early or lateEarly versus late pubertyEarly versus late pubertyBoysBoys–Early developmentEarly developmentAssociated with increased popularity, increased positive affect, feel Associated with increased popularity, increased positive affect, feel strong and confidentstrong and confidentAlso at increased risk for problem behaviorAlso at increased risk for problem behavior–Late developersLate developersLower popularityLower popularitySome evidence of lower self esteemSome evidence of lower self esteemHigher levels of creativity, exploratory behaviors, and social Higher levels of creativity, exploratory behaviors, and social initiativeinitiative–Implications for adjustment in adulthood?Implications for adjustment in adulthood?Early developers – More responsible, cooperative, self-controlled Early developers – More responsible, cooperative, self-controlled and sociable, but also more conforming, and humorlessand sociable, but also more conforming, and humorlessLate developers – more impulsive, more assertive, also more Late developers – more impulsive, more assertive, also more insightful, inventive, and creativeinsightful, inventive, and creativeEarly versus late pubertyEarly versus late pubertyGirlsGirls–Early developersEarly developersTend to be relatively popularTend to be relatively popularAt risk for self-image problems, depression, anxiety, eating At risk for self-image problems, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and panic attacks disorders, and panic attacks Important to note that this varies based on social-context Important to note that this varies based on social-context (country of origin, race and SES, school climate)(country of origin, race and SES, school climate)At risk for problem behaviors and early sexual At risk for problem behaviors and early sexual ““onsetonset””At risk for sexual harassment from peersAt risk for sexual harassment from peers–Late developersLate developersTend to have a more favorable body imageTend to have a more favorable body imageEarly versus late pubertyEarly versus late puberty–Implications for adjustment in adulthood?Implications for adjustment in adulthood?Some evidence that during early adulthood, early Some evidence that during early adulthood, early developers still have higher levels of psychological developers still have higher levels of psychological and social problemsand social problemsEarly developers tend to have lower educational Early developers tend to have lower educational achievementachievementAlso some research shows that early developers tend Also some research shows that early developers tend to become parents earlier, and to marry earlierto become parents earlier, and to marry earlierWhy are early developing girls at Why are early developing girls at risk?risk?““Maturational devianceMaturational deviance”” hypothesis hypothesis–Adolescents who are the most different from the Adolescents who are the most different from the majority of their peers, are at the most risk majority of their peers, are at the most risk Early developing girlsEarly developing girlsLate developing boysLate developing boys““Developmental readinessDevelopmental readiness”” hypothesis hypothesis–Adolescents are most at risk when they have had the Adolescents are most at risk when they have had the leastleast time to mature cognitively and psychologically, time to mature cognitively and psychologically, prior to puberty prior to pubertyWhy are early developing girls at Why are early developing girls at risk?risk?Cultural desirability of different body typesCultural desirability of different body types–Thin is Thin is ““inin””Although there are some cultural/racial differencesAlthough there are some cultural/racial differences–For many girls, the ideal is close to prepubescent appearanceFor many girls, the ideal is close to prepubescent appearance–Early maturation not associated with problems in some Early maturation not associated with problems in some cultures lacking this focuscultures lacking this focusSome early developing girls may be at Some early developing girls may be at especially highespecially high risk risk–Girls already involved in problem behaviorGirls already involved in problem behavior–Girls who attend coeducational school versus an all-girls schoolGirls