138 Cards in this Set
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AG used what to track missing materials?
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Real-time system based on a Wif-Fi network using radio frequency identificaition (RFID) tags, AeroScout MobileView software, mobile computers, and Global Data Sciences' material inventory tracking system software.
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The Sarreguemines plant mounted _____________ tages on the sides of 1,100 of its carriers
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AeroScout T2-EB Industrial RFID tags
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AeroScout's MobileView software does what?
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Picks up the location and represents the carrier as an icon on a map of the facility displayed on computer screens.
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DLOG mobile computers are use to
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to access the MobileView system while driving, pull up the map of the facility, and see an icon indicating where the component's carrier is located.
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The location tracking system provides a ____________ of all the components used in the factory.
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real time snapshot
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By enabling tugger drivers to quickly locate components,
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the new system has increased productivity and ensures that materials are not overlooked or misplaced.
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Until 1999, businesses used the
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postal system or telephone system with voice of fax for communication.
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Telephone networks
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Handle voice communication
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Computer Networks
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Handle data traffic
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Computer networks were originally built by computer companies...
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seeking to transmit data between computers in different locations.
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AT&T and Verizon
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offer data transmission, internet access, cellular telephone service, and television programming as well as voice service
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Cablevision and Comcast
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offer voice service and Internet access
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More than 96% of U.S Internet users have high speed __________ connections provided by telephone and cable TV companies running 1 to 15 million bits per second
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broadband
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Things taking place over broadband
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Cell phones, mobile handheld devices, and PC's in wireless networks.
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Network Simplest Explanation....
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Consists of two or more computers
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Components used in a simple network
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Client Computer, Dedicated Server Computer, Network Interfaces, connection medium, network operating system software, and either a hub or a switch.
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Network Operating System (NOS)
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routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources.
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Server Computers Perform
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serving up Web pages, storing data, and storing the network operating system ( and hence controlling the network).
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Most widely used network operating systems
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Microsoft Windows Server, Linux and Novell Open Enterprise
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Hub
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Simple device that connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices.
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Switch
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Has more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination on the network.
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Router
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A communications processor used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the data sent gets to the correct address.
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Network switches and routers have....
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proprietary software built into their hardware for directing the movement of data on the network.
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Software-defined networking (SDN)
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a new networking approach in which many of these control functions are managed by one central program, which can run on inexpensive commodity servers that are separate from the network devices themselves.
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The network infrastructure for a large corporation consists of
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a large number of these small local area networks linked to other local area networks and to firmwide corporate networks.
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Many firms are using...
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Internet Phones that run on their existing data networks
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One of the major problems facing corporations today is.....
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how to integrate all the different communication networks and channels into a coherent system that enables information to flow from one part of the corporation to another, and from one system to another.
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Contemporary digital networks and the Internet are based on three key technologies
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Client/Server Computing, the use of packet switching, and the development of widely used communications standards (TCP/IP) for linking disparate networks and computers
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Client/Server Computing
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a distributed computing model in which some of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers, and resides literally on desktops, labtops, and in handheld devices.
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Client/Servers computing has extended computing to
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departments, workgroups, factory floors, and other parts of the business that could not be served by a centralized architecture.
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The largest implementation of client/server computing
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The Internet
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Packet Switching
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a method of slicing digital messages into parcels called packets, sending the packets along different communication paths as they become available, and the reassembling the packets once they arrive at their destinations
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Circuit-switched networks
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a complete point-to-point circuit is assembled
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Packet Switching makes
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much more efficient use of the communications capacity of a network.
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Diverse hardware and software components need to work together to transmit information
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in a typical telecommunications network
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Different components in a network communicate with each other only by
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adhering to a common set of rules called a protocol
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A protocol
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A set of rules and procedures governing transmission of information between two points in a network
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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developed in 1970s to U.S Departments of Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) efforts to help scientists transmit data among different types of computers over long distances.
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Establishes the connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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responsible for the delivery of packets and includes the disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission.
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Four layered Department of Defense Reference Model for TCP/IP
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Application layer, Transport layer, Internet Layer, and Network Interface
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Application Layer
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Enables client application programs to acces the other layers and defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data.
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Application Layer Example
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which is used to transfer Web page files
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Transport Layer
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Providing the application layer with communication and packet services
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Internet layer
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Addressing, routing, and packeting data packets called IP datagrams.
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Networking Layer
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Placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium which could be any networking technology.
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Two ways to communicate a message in a network
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Analog signal and digital signal
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Analog signal
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a continuous waveform that passes through a communications medium and has been used for voice communication.
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Analog Devices
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telephone handset, computer speakers, iPod earphone
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Digital Signal
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A discrete, binary waveform, rather than a continuous waveform. Communicate info as a strings of two discrete states: one bit and zero bits, which represent as on-off electrical pulses.
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Computers require a _________ to convert these digital signals into analog signals that can be sent over telephone lines, cable lines, or wireless media that use analog signals.
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Modem
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Modem (Modulator-Demodulator)
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connects your Internet using a cable network
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DSL Modems
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connect your computer to the Internet using telephone company's landline network.
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Wireless Modem
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Connecting your computer to a wireless network that could be a cell phone network.
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Local Area Network (LAN)
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Designed to connect personal computers and other digital devices withing a half-mile or 500 meter radius.
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What are used to LINK to long-distance wide area networks
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LAN's as known as WAN's
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Most Common LAN operating system supports are....
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Windows, Linux, and Novell
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The dominant LAN standard at the physical network level, specifying the physical medium to carry signals between computers, access control rules, and a standardized set of bits used to carry data over the system is a called...
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Ethernet
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Campus Area Network
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Up to 1000 meters (a mile); college campus of corporate facility
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In LANs using the Windows Server family of operating systems, the PEER-TO-PEER is called
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the workgroup network model
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Workgroup Network Model
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which a small group of computers can share resources, such as files, folders, and printers, over the network without a dedicated server.
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Windows Domain Network Model
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Uses dedicated server to manage the computers in the network
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
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span broad geographical distances--entire regions, states, continents, or the entire globe
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The most universal and powerful WAN is the
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Internet Computers connect to a WAN through public networks, such as a telephone system or a private cable systems, or through leased lines or satellites.
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
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is a network that spans a metropolitan area, usually a city and its major suburbs. Its geographic scope falls between a WAN and a LAN.
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Different kinds of transmission media
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twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and media for wireless transmission.
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The total amount of digital information that can be transmitted through many telecommunications medium is measured in
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bits per second (bps)
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Hertz
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one hertz is equal to one cycle of the medium
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bandwidth
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the range of frequencies that can be accommodated on a particular telecommunications channel is called its bandwidth.
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Worlds largest client/server computing
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Internet
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Small business and homes connect to the internet using a
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internet service provider
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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is a commercial organization with a permanent connection to the Internet that sells temporary connections to retail subscribers.
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ISP Examples
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Earth link, NetZoo, AT&T and Time Warner
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Digital Subscriber line (DSL)
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technologies operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video at transmission rates ranging from 385 kbps all the way up to 40 Mbps, depending on usage patterns and distance.
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Cable Internet connections
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provided by cable television vendors use digital cable coaxial lines to deliver high-speed Internet access to homes and business.
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T1 lines
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offer guaranteed delivery at 1.54 Mbps, and T3 lines offer delivery at 45 Mbps.
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Internet Protocol (IP) address
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which currently is a 32-bit number represented by a four strings of numbers ranging from 0-255 separated by periods.
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Domain Name System (DNS)
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converts domain names to IP address because it would be incredibly hard for internet users to remember strings of 12 numbers.
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Domains
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.com, .ca, .fr, .edu, .gov, .net, .org, .uk
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Organizations each pay for their own what?
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networks and internet connections
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World wide Internet policies are established by a number of professional organizations and government bodies....
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including the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), which helps define the overall structure of the internet.
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
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assigns IP addresses
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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
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sets Hypertext Markup Languages and other programming standards for the Web.
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The Internet was originally designed to what?
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Handle transmissions of massive quantities of data and billions of users
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IPv6
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The old addressing system is being replaced by a new version of the IP addressing schema. Contains 128-bits adresses
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Internet2
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An advanced networking consortium representing over 350 U.S universities, private businesses, and government agencies working with 66,000 institutions, across the U.S and international networking partners from more than 100 countries.
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Internet2 Examples
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telemedicine and distance learning
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File Transport Protocols (FTP)
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Transferring files from computer to computer
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Emailing
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enables messages to be exchanged from computer to computer, with capabilities, for routing messages to multiple recipients, forwarding messages, and attaching text documents or multimedia files to messages.
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Chatting
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Enables tow or more people who are simultaneously connecting to the internet to hold live, interactive conversations.
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Instant messaging
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chat service that enables participants to create their own private chat channels.
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Instant messaging examples
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Yahoo, Messenger, Google,Talk and Windows live messenger
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
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technology delivers voice info in digital form using packet switching, avoiding the tolls charged by local and long-distance telephone networks.
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Places that provide voice over IP
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Google, Skype and Time Warner
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Unified Communication
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integrates disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, email ,and electronic conferencing into a single experience where users can seamlessly switch back and forth between different communication modes.
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What did CenterPoint use to create collaborative Web sites for each of its real estate deals?
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Unified Communication
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Virtual Private Network VPN
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a secure, encrypted, private netowrk that has been configured within a public network to take advantage of the economics of scale and management facilities of large networks, such as the Internet. Also provides firms with lower cost than the same capability offered by traditional non-int…
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Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
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Wrapping around a network message to hide its content, business firms create a private connection that travels through the public internet
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Web site
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collection of Web pages linked to a home page
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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formats documents and incorporates dynamic links to other documents and pictures stored in the same or remote computers
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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The communications standard used to transfer pages on the Web
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Web Server
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Software for locating and managing stored Web pages
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Most common web servers used today?
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1) Apache HTTP Server - controls 65% of the market
2) Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)
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Search Engines
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attempt to solve the problem of finding useful info on the web nearly instantly, and, arguably, they are the "killer app" of the Internet era.
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Search engine marketing
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60% of American internet users use a search engine at least once a day
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
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process of improving the quality and volume of Web traffic to a Web site by employing a series of techniques that help a Web site achieve a higher ranking with the major search engines when certain keywords and phrases are put into the search field
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Costumers ______ from search engine marketing because ads for merchants appear only when consumers are looking for a specific product
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Benefit
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Growth in mobile search does not make up for the loss of desktop search because....
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mobile ads sell for generally half as much as desktop search ads
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Search engines are NOT
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discriminating
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Social Search
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Effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search results based on a person's network of social contacts.
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Graph Search
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Facebook's social network search engine that responds to user search queries with info from the user's social network of friends and connections.
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Semantic Search
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goal is to build a search engine that could really understand human languages and behavior
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Facial Recognition Software
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create a digital facial print similar to the figure. Facebook introduced its facial recognition software and combined it with tagging, to create a new feature called Tag Suggest.
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Intelligent Agent Shopping Bots
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Software agents with built-in intelligence that can gather of filter information and perform other tasks to assist users
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Shopping Bots
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intelligent agent software for searching the Internet for shopping info
Ex. MySimon or Google Product Search
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Web 2.0
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Second-gen interactive Internet-based services
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Web 2.0 four defined features
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interactivity, real-time user control, social participation, and user-generated content
Serviced behind - cloud computing, software mashups and apps, blogs, RSS, wikis, and social networks
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Mashups
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software services that enable users and system developers to mis and match content of software components to create something entirely new
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Blogs may include
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Blogroll - a collection of links of other blogs
trackbacks - a list of entries in other blogs that refer to a post on the first blog
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blogging sites/platforms
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TypePad.com, Xango.com
Lotus Notes
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Microblogging
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used in Twitter, is a type of blogging that features short posts of 140 characters of less
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Blogosphere
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Totality of blog-related Web sites
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Who deployed a wiki to facilitate collaboration among federal agencies on cybersecurity
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U.S Department of Homeland Security's National Cyber Security Center (NCSC)
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Web 3.0
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the promise of a future Web where all this digital info, all these contacts, can be woven together into a single meaningful experience
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2001 Scientific American article describes Semantic Web as what?
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A collaborative effort led by the World Wide Web Consortium to add a layer of meaning atop the existing Web to reduce the amount of human involvement in searching for and processing Web information
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Visual Web
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Instagram, Pinterest
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Global System of Mobile Communications
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international roaming capability
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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
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Developed in WWII, transmits over several frequencies, occupies the entire spectrum, and randomly assigns user to a range of frequencies over time, making it more efficient than GSM. Verizon and Sprint use this
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Bluetooth
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802.15 wireless networking standard, which is useful for creating small personal area networks (PAN)
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Bluetooth does what
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Links up to 8 devices within a 10-meter area using low-power, radio based communication and can transmit up to 722 Kbps in the 2.4-GHz band.
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802.11 set of standards for wireless LANs and wireless Internet access is also known as
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Wifi
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MIMO- Multiple Input Multiple Output
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Coordinate multiple simultaneous radio signals
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WiMax- Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
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popular term for IEEE Standard 802.16. Wireless access range of up to 31 miles and transmission peed of up to 75 Mbps
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
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provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain. System use tiny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and its location to transmit radio signals over a short distance to RFID readers
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RFID shares info with these applications
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SAP and Oracle PeopleSoft
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Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs)
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Network of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces.
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Outputs of "Big Data" systems is fueling what is called the Industrial Internet aka
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Internet of Things
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Big Data
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organizations are starting to analyze to improve their operations and decision making
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ITSCM CH.7