BIOLOGY 171: EXAM 1
45 Cards in this Set
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hypothesis
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possible explanation for a natural phenomenon; used to make predicitons & motivate expierements
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archaea
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single celled microogranisms; these microbes are prokaryotes, meaning they have no nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles; some live in extreme environments
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causation
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something causes an effect; the action of causing an effect
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control group
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group that isnt exposed to the treatment
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correlation
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relationship between 2 variables
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Eukarya
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organisms that contain organells; cells that contain nuclei
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eukaryote
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organism which has a membrane-bound nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
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expierement
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making observations, collecting data
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laws
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A description or generalization about how some aspect of the natural world behaves under stated conditons
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facts
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an observation that has been repeatidly confirmed
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positive control
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variable with a known effect is introduced
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negative control
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variable is not changed
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Most Recent Common Ancestor
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Most Recent Common Ancestor
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prokaryote
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cell without nucleus & organelles
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organelles
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specialized structures that perform metabolic functions within cells
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theory
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explanation for broad patterns in nature that has been tested many times & is well-substantiated
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sample size phylogenetic tree
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representing evolutionary history among species; diagram dhowing relationships among species based on similarities & differences in genetic or physical traits or both
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expieremental condition
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value calculated in a lab
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variable
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a measure that can take on different values at different times; factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation
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allele
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different forms of a gene, corresponding to different DNA sequences in each different form
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binary fission
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the process by which bacteria or archaea divide
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central dogma
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theory that information transfer in a cell goes from DNA to RNA
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chromosome
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in euks, the physical structure in which DNA in the nucleus is packages
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cytokinesis
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when the cytoplasm seperates
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diploid
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a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes
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haploid
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a cell with one complete set of chromosomes; gametes
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gene
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specific segment of base pairs in a chromosome
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Genome
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The complete DNA sequence for an organism.
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homologous chromosomes
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pair of chromosomes that have the same shape, size, & sequence of genes
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interphase
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time between two successive m phases in mitosis; g1 phase, s phase, & g2 phase; longest period in cell cycle
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m-phase
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period in cell cycle when cell division takes place; division of mother cell into 2 daughter cells
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metaphase
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stage of mitosis when chromosomes are aligned in middle of dividing cell
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Heritability
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The proportion of observed variance in traits in a specific population that can be attributed to genetic factors.
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SNP
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms;
variant alleles responsible for polymorphism
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Polymorphism
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same species look different due to variation
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controlled expierement
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expierement where there is a control group and expieremental group; one variable is changed
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mitosis
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cell division that makes 2 daughter cells; results in somatic cells
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nucleotide
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subunit of nucleic acids; consists of base, sugar, & phosphate
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s-phase
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part of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated
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transcription
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synthesis of RNA from DNA template
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control group
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group in an expierement or study that does not receive treatment; used to compare to treatment group
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translation
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synthesis of protein on ribosomes in cytoplasm from RNA strand
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DNA
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double helix nucleic acid that carries genetic info
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variable
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any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in a scientific expierement
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controlled variable
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variable that does not change during an expierement
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BIOLOGY 171: EXAM 1