36 Cards in this Set
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False
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T or F
The production of novel and useful ideas is called innovation
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True
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T or F
When the personal computer became more popular than the typewriter, most typewriter manufacturers found they were no longer able to sell their product. In other words, typewriter manufacturers experienced technological lockout.
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True
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T or F
Most planning for incremental innovation is based on the idea of generational change.
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False
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T or F
Resistance forces lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.
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False
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T or F
A major disadvantage of results-driven change is that managers introduce changes in procedures, philosophy, or behavior only if they are likely to improve measured performance.
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True
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T or F
Color televisions supplanting black-and-white televisions is an example of a technology cycle.
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True
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T or F
Keiley was so absorbed in the manuscript she was copyediting that she lost track of time. When she finally looked up from her work, she noticed that all of her co-workers had gone home for the evening. Keiley apparently was experiencing flow.
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False
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T or F
The compression approach to innovation assumes that innovation is a largely unpredictable process that occurs over a very short—or compressed—period of time
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False
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Under no circumstances should employees ever be coerced into accepting organizational change.
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True
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Counseling and training are two effective kinds of person-focused organizational development interventions.
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True
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The three types of encouragement are organizational, supervisory, and work group encouragement.
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False
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The experiential approach to innovation has five aspects: design iterations, testing, milestones, multifunctional teams, and creative work environments.
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d. dominant design.
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In the 1970s, two home videocassette tape recording formats—Betamax (developed by Sony) and VHS (developed by JVC)—were on the market. Eventually, the VHS format defeated Betamax in the marketplace. VHS had become the:
a. technological substitute
b. competitive design
c. design competi…
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b. repetitive work.
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All of the following are components of a creative work environment EXCEPT:
a. having freedom over one's day-to-day work.
b. repetitive work.
c. free-flowing management structures.
d. diverse experience among work group members.
e. supervisory encouragement
**the other real co…
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dominant design
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______ ______ is a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard.
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e. multifunctional
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José works in the production department of his company. He is a member of a work team that includes Tommie (from marketing), Frieda (from human resources), and Alexander (from sales). This appears to be an example of a(n) ________ work team
a. experimental
b. multicultural
c. protot…
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multifunctional
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_________ teams are composed of people from different departments; they accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities.
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c. dissolution
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CompuText Publishing was unable to keep up with the changing marketplace and, unfortunately, declared bankruptcy. All employees were laid off and the company's assets will be sold to pay off debts. CompuText has reached the ________ stage of organizational decline.
a. blinded
b. fault…
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dissolution
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In this stage of organizational decline, the company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings or by selling assets to pay suppliers, banks, and creditors.
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d. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency.
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The most serious error management can make when attempting to lead organizational change is:
a. failing to remove obstacles to the new vision.
b. not anchoring changes in the organizational culture.
c. not creating a powerful enough coalition.
d. not establishing a great enough se…
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half
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It has been estimated that more than ______ of all change efforts fail because the people affected are not convinced that change is necessary.
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d. progress is slow early in a technology cycle.
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According to the S-curve pattern of innovation:
a. midway through the technology cycle, performance declines as technology matures.
b. there are no performance limits to new technology.
c. in the beginning of a technology cycle, increased effort brings large improvements in technolo…
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S-curve
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The ______ pattern of innovation is a pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits
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b. technological substitution
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By the late 1990s, most people had begun purchasing digital cameras rather than traditional, film-based cameras. In other words, ________ had begun to occur.
a. planned obsolescence
b. technological substitution
c. design competition
d. exponential change
e. technological flow
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technological substitution
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________ _________ is the purchase of new technologies (digital cameras) to replace older ones (film-based cameras).
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product prototype
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A full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability is called a:
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e. faulty action
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Close Facsimile, a fax machine company, has been losing market share and sales for years now. Company management believes that the ship can be righted if they can simply find a way to cut costs and increase efficiency. In fact, the company's fax machines are outdated and unappealing to mo…
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faulty action
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In the ______ ______ stage, rather than recognize the need for fundamental changes (fax machines are outdated), managers assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels.
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refreezing
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The process of supporting and reinforcing new organizational changes so that they stick is called:
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milestones
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The compression approach to innovation includes five aspects. Which of the following is NOT one of those five?
a. Milestones
b. Overlapping steps
c. Multifunctional teams
d. Supplier involvement
e. Planning
the missing aspect is: shortening the time of individual steps
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planning, supplier involvement, shortening the time of individual steps, overlapping steps, and multifunctional teams
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The five aspects to the compression approach are:
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b. generational change
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One feature of many videogame consoles like the PlayStation 3 and the Xbox 360 is their ability to play games from earlier versions of those consoles. This feature would be an example of:
a. compatibility.
b. generational change.
c. product prototypes.
d. innovation streams.
e. …
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generational change
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_________ ________ occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.
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e. unfreezing
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When managers fail to establish a great enough sense of urgency in the process of leading change, in which phase does this error typically occur?
a. Change intervention
b. Refreezing
c. Debriefing
d. Transition
e. Unfreezing
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unfreezing
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When managers fail to establish a great enough sense of urgency in the process of leading change, along with not creating a powerful enough coalition, typically occurs during the _______ phase.
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grey market
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somethings thats not illegal but you go around the rules
ex: buying car in other country americanizing it and then selling it for more money
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MGT 300: EXAM 1