ASTRON 0087: EXAM 1
51 Cards in this Set
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Light Year
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The distance light travels in one year
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Speed of Light
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~300,000,000m/s
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Age of the Universe
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13.77 Billion years old
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Diameter of the Observable Universe
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93 Billion light years
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Space flight is mostly Powered, or Free flight
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Free Flight
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Rocket
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A gas chamber filled with gas under pressure
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First artificial Satellite sent into space
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Sputnik 1, USSR 1957
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Atoms
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The smallest division of a chemical element
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Isotope
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Atom with a different number of protons in the nucleus
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Molecule
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Molecule
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Most abundant element in the universe
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Hydrogen (75%)
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Geospace
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Near Earth, goes to the edge of the Magnetosphere
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Cislunar Space
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The space between the Earth and the Moon
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Heliosphere
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Spherearound the planets in the solar system
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Interplanetary Space
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The space between the planets in the solar system
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Interstellar Space
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The space between the stars
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Intergalactic Space
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The space between galaxies
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Terrestrial Planets
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Inner planets with rocky surfaces
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Jovian Planets
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Outer planets that are gaseous
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Remote Sensing
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Observation of objects in space from a distance
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Passive Remote Sensing
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Receiving and recording radiation using a telescope
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Active Remote Sensing
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Using a Laser beam to detect distances
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Order of radiation waves (Low to High)
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Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, UV, X-Ray, Gamma
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Seeing Effect
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Pockets of turbulent air in the atmosphere cause stars to twinkle
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Direct Sensing
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Physically landing on an object for study
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Need Reference Point
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To determine location at different points
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Day
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One rotation of Earth about its axis
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Month
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One revolution of the moon about the Earth
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Synodic Month
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The completion of the entire cycle of a moons phases
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Synchronized Orbits
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The Earth and the Moon have the same rate of spinning about their axes
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Year
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One revolution of the Earth around the sun
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Gregorian Calendar
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365.25 days in a year, leap year every 4 years
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Conjuction
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When the moon is in between the Earth and the Sun
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Opposition
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When the Earth is in between the moon and the Sun
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Space Flight Coordinates
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Time, Down Range, Ground Track
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Zenith
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The point directly over head of an observer
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Azimuth
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The angle measured from N to E to determine horizontal location
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Altitude
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Angle from equator to N or S to determine location
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Ecliptic
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The path of the sun on the celestial sphere
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Eudoxus
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First to sytematically plot the constellations in the sky
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Heliocentric
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The sun is at the center of the Solar System
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Johannes Kepler
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German scientist who came up with 3 planetary laws
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Minor Axis
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The smallest axis of an ellipse
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Major Axis
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The largest axis of an ellipse
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Ellipse
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A geometric shape in which every point is the same distance from the two foci
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Kepler's First Law
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The orbits of the planets are ellipses around the sun
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Aphelion
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The point of Earth farthest from the Sun
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Perihelion
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The point of Earth closest to the sun
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Kepler's Second Law
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Aplanet moves along its elliptical path with a speed that changes in such a waythat a line from the planet to the Sun, the radius vector, sweeps out equalareas in equal intervals of time
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Kepler's Third Law
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P2=a3, using the semi-major axis
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Solar Nebula Hypothesis
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The solar system came about from rotating gas forming the planets and the center Sun
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ASTRON 0087: EXAM 1