METR 1014: EXAM 2
65 Cards in this Set
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What is the largest reservoir of FRESH water?
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Ice Caps
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The coming together of winds is called:
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Convergence
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The main process by which water in the atmosphere returns to the surface is:
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Precipitation
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The temperature to which air must be cooled in order to become saturated is the:
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Dew Point Temperature
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At 40°F, the atmosphere is saturated with water vapor. If the air temperature increase to 60°F, which no addition or removal of water vapor, dew point is:
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40°F
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Air is said to be saturated when:
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Evaporation equals condensation
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Evaporative coolers are most effective in climates where the summers are:
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Hot & dry
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Relative humidity is a measure of:
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The actual amount of water vapor in the atmosphere compared to the amount that could be in the atmosphere if it were saturated.
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Sweating cools people because:
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Water absorbs energy when changing from a liquid to a gas.
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Which of the following is not typically a way of producing clouds:
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Air motions caused by subsidence
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What is water loss to plants & vegetation through a process similar to evaporation:
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Transpiration
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The temperature of a rising air parcel:
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Always cools due to expansion.
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Nighttime temperatures rarely drop below the dew point temperature because:
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Once air is saturated, latent heat of condensation is released into the air.
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What is not true about the Coriolis effect:
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affects both wind speed and wind direction
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The force that starts air moving horizontally is:
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Pressure Gradient Force
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If very cold air is brought indoors and warmed with no change in its moisture content, the saturation vapor pressure will _____ and the relative humidity of this air will ____.
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Increase; Decrease
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If a parcel of air at the surface, with a temperature of 25°C, is lifted dry adiabatically, what will its temperature be when it reaches a height of 2 kilometers?
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5°C
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In order to accurately monitor horizontal changes in air pressure, each weather station must correct their pressure readings for:
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Altitude
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The rate at which the actual air temperature changes with increasing height about the surface is referred to as the:
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Environmental Lapse Rate
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On a winter's morning, the air temperature and the dew point temperature of the outside air are -4°C. What is the relative humidity of the outside air?
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100%
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Assume a parcel of air has a temperature of 60°F and a moisture content of 12.3 millibars of water vapor. According to the table above, the dew point temperature of this parcel of air is:
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50°F
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Why is cold polar air typically described as "dry" even though the relative humidity may be very high?
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The absolute amount of water that the air can hold is very low.
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Most clouds do not extend very far into the stratosphere because the air in the stratosphere is:
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Stable
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Once a rising air parcel reaches saturation, the rate at which it cools slows down because:
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The release of latent heat adds heat to the parcel.
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The wind around a surface low pressure center in the Southern Hemisphere blows:
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Clockwise and inward toward the center
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We can generally expect the air to be ____ above areas of surface low pressure and ____ above areas of surface high pressure.
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Rising: Sinking
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The Coriolis force is:
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An apparent force created by Earth's rotation.
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The wind around a surface high pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blows:
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Clockwise and outward from the center
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Which of the following is not necessary for precipitation formation from the "warm rain" process?
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At least part of the cloud must contain a mixture of liquid drops and ice crystals
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The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward lower pressure:
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At all places on Earth.
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1000mb(H)________
996mb(L)__________
(Diagonal line pointing down)
Which of the following most accurately explains the wind shown in the diagram above:
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Pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and friction in the Southern Hemisphere
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1000mb(L)______
1004mb(H)______
(Arrow pointing straight up)
Which of the following most accurately explains the wind shown in the diagram above:
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Pressure gradient force only.
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1008mb(L)______
1012mb(H)______
(Arrow pointing to the west)
Which of the following most accurately explains the wind shown in the diagram above:
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Pressure gradient force plus Coriolis force in the Southern Hemisphere.
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1000mb(L)______
1016mb(H)______
(Arrow pointing Northeast)
Which of the following most accurately explains the winds shown in the diagram above?
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Pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, and friction in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Developing low pressure areas generally have ____ air near the surface and ____ air aloft.
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Converging; Diverging
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Sleet forms as:
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Rain falls into a cold layer of air near the surface and freezes before reaching the ground.
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Two air columns extend from sea level. If one column is cold and the other is warm, the air pressure in the cold column will ____ the air pressure in the warm column.
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Decrease more rapidly with increasing height than
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The leeward side of a mountain is characterized by:
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Adiabatic warming of air parcels and a rain-shadow effect
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In the Bergeron process of precipitation formation:
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Tiny ice crystals grow larger at the expense of the surrounding liquid drops.
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Which of the following is not a method that has been used to measure rainfall amounts?
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Barometric Gauge (Measures atmospheric pressure)
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T/F:
Relative humidity is typically highest in the middle of the day when the temperature is the highest.
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False
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T/F:
The atmosphere is the third largest reservoir of water on Earth.
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False
The third largest reservoir of water on Earth is groundwater.
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T/F:
The collision-coalescence method of precipitation formation is also known as the "warm rain" process.
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True
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T/F:
The greater the amount of water vapor, the more dense the air will be, and the more pressure it will exert.
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True
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T/F:
Friction acts to slow wind speed.
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True
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T/F:
Advection fog can form when warm, moist air moves over a cool surface.
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True
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T/F:
In a cloud, dew point temperature is greater than the air temperature.
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False; It is always the same as or lower than air temperature.
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T/F:
In order for water vapor to condense to for clouds, energy must be absorbed.
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False
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T/F:
The Coriolis force moves air to the left of its original motion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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False
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T/F:
In very clean air, it is possible to reach a relative humidity of greater than 100%.
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True
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T/F:
The environmental lapse rate can change dramatically from place to place, or even from day to day at the same place.
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True
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T/F:
Horizontal pressure differences ofter occur because of uneven absorption of solar radiation at the Earth's surface.
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True
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T/F:
The relative humidity can never reach 100% at the poles because it is too cold there.
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False
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T/F:
As an air parcel sinks in the atmosphere, it expands and cools.
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False
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T/F:
The saturation vapor pressure over ice is less than that over liquid water at the same temperature.
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True
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T/F:
The dew point temperature is a measure of the total amount of water vapor in the air.
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True
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T/F:
Evaporation is a cooling process.
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True
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T/F:
The air over a region of high surface pressure is normally rising.
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False
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T/F:
The term supercooled, refers to water that is still a liquid at temperatures below 0°C
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True
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T/F:
When warm humid air is brought indoors and cooled with no change in moisture content, the relative humidity of the air will decrease.
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False; Increase
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T/F:
If all of the water vapor in the atmosphere were to fall to the surface as liquid water, the depth of the planet-wide layer of water would be approximately 1 mile deep.
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False
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T/F:
Radiosondes on weather balloons are used to measure the properties of the atmosphere with height above the surface.
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True
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T/F:
Atmospheric pressure shows a diurnal (twice daily) cycle caused by global atmospheric tides.
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True
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T/F:
Stratus clouds are indicators of a relatively stable atmosphere.
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True
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T/F:
A typical rain drop is about twice as big as typical could condensation nuclei.
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False
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METR 1014: EXAM 1