KIN 362: FINAL EXAM
101 Cards in this Set
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Germany (roids)
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German soldiers are given testosterone during WWII to make their soldiers stronger than any other Army. After the war, German scientists begin research with Russian athletes.
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Russian weightlifters (roids)
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Won 7 of the 21 Olympic medals in 1952, but in the previous 1948 games, they had won 0 medals. z
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"State plan 14.25" (roids)
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Revealed a policy or organized doping where doctors pass pills to coaches who give them to athletes in daily vitamin rations.
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Ben Johnson (roids)
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An olympic athlete for Canada, he won the gold medal in the 100m, but fails a drug test and has his gold medal and his records taken away.
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EPO (roids)
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Stands for erythropoietin
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Ken cooper (fitness)
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An Air Force Physician, He theorizes about long-duration, low-intensity exercise, and makes "aerobics" the centerpiece of the fitness program of US astronauts. His ideas result in a large-scale fitness revolution and the beginning of the decline in heart disease.
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Aerobics (fitness)
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Long duration, low intensity exercise, and also lowers the risk for heart diseases.
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Cooper clinic ( fitness)
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Founded by Dr. Ken Cooper.
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Exercise science discipline in kinesiology (fitness)
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After the book "Aerobics" becomes a national best seller. Jogging is popularized. Aerobic classes, treadmills, and stair climbers are invented. Risk factors for heart disease are identified, and the death from CHD declines.
*Fitness (Exercise Science) replaces PE as the high-demand colle…
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Jack Lalanne (fitness)
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*The Godfather of Fitness, popularizes fitness centers, dispels myths about weight training, uses television to spread the fitness message (later juices.)
*In 1936, Opens health club in Oakland, CA.
*Inventor of Smith Machine
*Ends up selling his 200 clubs to Bally (Bally total fitnes…
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Bally total fitness (fitness)
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Was formally owned by Jack Lalanne.
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Althea gibson (sports and race in the 1950's and 60's)
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*First African American female to play professional tennis.
*Competed in the US open.
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Jackie Robinson (S and R 50's and 60'S)
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*In 1947, He played Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers (1st African American to play in MLB)
*Broke color line in 1947.
*He, and other black athletes persist and succeed, despite racial conflict, initiating the desegregation of sport that accompanies that in public school an…
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Marion Motely (S and R 50's and 60's)
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In 1946, Played for the NFL Cleveland Browns. He was recognized at the best of these first black NFL players.
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Black athletes in america (S &R 50s 60s)
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At first black athletes were not given many shots to play at the professional level but were slowly allowed into professional sports.
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Cassius Clay (S&R 50's 60's)
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*(Muhammad Ali), Was a heavyweight boxing champion that joined the Muslim movement.
*He changed his name to Muhammad Ali and refuses induction into the US Armed Forces during Vietnam.
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Jim Brown (S&R 50s 60s)
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* Played in the NFL. He retires at height of his career to pursue political activism, urging African Americans to pursue financial power.
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John Carlos and Tommy Smith (S&R 50s 60s)
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Track & Field medal winners that held up gloved fists in 1968 Olympics in Mexico City to protest racial strife in the US.
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Wilma Rudolph (S&R 50s 60s)
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*African American, who won 3 gold medals in track in the 1960 Olympic games becoming the first of many black female sprinters to lead the US women to track and field prominence.
*Refuses to participate in a parade in her honor if it is segregated. She heralds a movement in which black at…
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Title IX (anti-discr leg)
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*Give women the same opportunity in sports as men.
*Educational amendments "no person...shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial aid."
…
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Three prolonged test of Title IX Facts (anti discr leg)
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*Sport Opportunities for male and female students at the institution are "substantially proportionate" to their respective full-time undergraduate enrollments.
*The institution has a "history and continuing practice of program expansion" for the underrepresented sex.
*The institution is…
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College Sports response to Title IX
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Average number of college sports for women at a single university increased from 6 in 1971 to 8 today. Women sports have frown in popularity.
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Civil rights act of 1964 (anti discr leg)
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Prohibited discrimination based on race in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow Laws. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring.
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PL94-142 (anti discr leg)
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*Education for all handicapped children act (1975).
*Anti discrimination laws for individuals with handicapping conditions.
*Required:
-Access to public school
-Have PE
-IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
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"The Soft American" (obesity)
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*In 1960, Pres JFK wrote "The soft American" in the Sports Illustrated.
-"Our growing softness, our increasing lack of physical fitness, is a menace to our society."
*America as a country was weak and out of shape.
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The surgeon general's report on physical activity and health (obesity)
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*25% of US adults are completely sedentary.
*60% DO NOT get any regular physical activity.
*50% of US youth (12-21 years) are NOT regularly activity.
*Activity declines during adolescence.
*Daily enrollment in PE has declined from 42% (1991) to 25% (1995)
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Primary factor for reduced physical activity among youth..(obesity)
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*50% of the US youth (12-21 years) are not regularly activity.
*Activity declines during adolescence.
*The daily enrollment in PE has declined from 42% to 25%.
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BMI (obesity)
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*(Body Mass Index)
*Numeric indicator for obesity, how you measure your body fat percentage.
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Turnplatz (people, places, and events)
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German outdoor exercise area/ gymnastics school.
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St andrews (people, places, and events)
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*Royal & Ancient golf club located in Scotland.
*Established the first rules of golf:
-18 Holes per round as Standard.
-Changed MATCH play to STROKE play for scoring.
-Hand-made wooden clubs. Metal club heads were becoming popular.
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Boston Latin School (people, places, and events)
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First public school for children in the US. (Free, Public)
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Round Hill School (people, places, and events)
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*1st place we see PE in schools (Massachusetts).
*Charles Beck was hired at Round Hill as the 1st PE teacher, former student of Freidrich Jahn.
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Walter Camp (who's your daddy)
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*Father of American Football
*Player and coach at Yale. Selected the All American Team.
*Rule changes altered the game:
-11 players on a team.
-Stop play when tackled (line of scrimmage)
-Yards and downs (3 tries to move ball 5 yards, or lose possession)
-Grid iron
-Wearing helmets…
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Alexander Cartwright (who's your daddy)
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*Father of Baseball.
*Him and a group of friends play the 1st official game of baseball in NJ.
*Established the rules of baseball:
-9 Players on the field, Bases 90 feet apart, 21 outs (change after 3 out), Ball must be pitched underhand, Foul balls, 3 Missed pitches=Out if caught (if…
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James Naismith (who's your daddy)
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*Father of Basketball.
*It was held at the YMCA training school. 1st game was played by two 9-man teams.
*Rules:
Ball may be thrown in ANY direction, NO moving once you hold the ball, No pushing/holding etc, Ball out of bounds put back into the game by 1st player to get to it, 15 Minut…
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Friedrich Jahn (who's your daddy)
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*Father of Gymnastics.
*Creates fitness revolution with political agenda. He believed Germany needed a patriotic movement to restore spirits and regain independence.
*Believed physical fitness was center of Patriotism.
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Horse racing (In the beginning)
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*Popular in established cities.
*Gambling made it controversial.
*Banned in many Northern cities, but Became more popular in the South (Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Louisiana)
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Baseball (In the beginning)
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*Popularized and invented in New York.
*Changed from involving spectatorship to participatory.
*Became "The National Pastime."
*Stick & Ball game, base or goal ball, rounders, town ball (where it originated from)
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Football (In the beginning)
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*1st ever college game was Princeton VS. Rutgers.
*Large teams, emphasis on kicking. Teams scored 1 point for each ball kicked in between the goal posts.
*League of the 4th was the first college sports conference. It included (Harvard, Yale, and Columbia)
*Theodore Roosevelt had univ…
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Basketball (In the beginning)
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*Was invented at the YMCA training school in Springfield, MA. 1st game was played by two 9-man teams.
*Peach baskets were used a a goal in the early game instead of a rim and net.
*Sendra Berenson introduced basketball to women the same year men were introduced (1891) and modified the …
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Issac Murphy (African American Breakthroughs)
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He was a Kentucky Derby 3-time winner.
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Jack Johnson(African American Breakthroughs)
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*The first black heavyweight boxing champion.
*He fought in the "fight of the century" Johnson VS Jeffries. He won, but was not received well.
*He was charged with a prostitution crime and fled the country.
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Andrew Rude Foster(African American Breakthroughs)
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Organized Negro League Baseball.
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Satchel Paige(African American Breakthroughs)
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He was the most famous of the Negro League baseball. Started in the early 1900's, a flamboyant pitcher and fan favorite.
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Elysian Fields(Historical rival destinations)
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*Baseball moved NJ to here.
*Begins being played as an organized sport.
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Smith College(Historical rival destinations)
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*This is where women firs played basketball at.
&Basketball was introduced to women the same year as men by Sendra Berenson.
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Springfield, MA(Historical rival destinations)
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*Where the YMCA training school was located.
*Basketball was invented at the YMCA in Springfield, MA.
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Newcomb College (Historical rival destinations)
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*Contributed to the early development of basketball and other sports for women.
*This school, which is now part of Tulane University, was among the 1st places women studied PE in college.
*In 1891, began teaching PE as a required subject, also began a 4 year degree program in PE (1st …
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Dwight Eisenhower
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He was a military general during WWII, he later became the first US president to have national fitness policies.
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Theodore Roosevelt
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*He was the US president who had university leaders meet at the White House to discuss problems in college football.
*He called the meeting urging them to examine football and college athletics and make changes.
*1st time a president invited a sports group to the White House.
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John F. Kennedy
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Made getting a man in space a National priority.
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Mary, Queen of Scots(whos your momma)
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*Was a queen in Scotland that played golf.
*Catherine of Aragon (Wife of Henry VIII) played.
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Babe Didrikson(whos your momma)
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*Started in the Olympics. Wins Olympic gold, becomes professional athlete challenging gender stereotypes.
*AAU track & field Breaks world records, wins team championship.
*2 gold, 1 silver in 1932 Olympics.
*Starts playing golf, wins 17 consecutive tournaments.
*Found LPGA, leading m…
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Sandra Berenson(whos your momma)
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*She Introduced basketball to women at Smith College and modified the rules.
• 3 zones
• 6 or 9 players on a team.
• Stealing NOT allowed.
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Catherine Beecher (whos your momma)
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*The 1st fitness educator that used "religion" as a way to get people to exercise.
*She changed her life through exercise. 1st to be recognized as a fitness promoter or teacher.
*Teaches her students Calisthenics. Promotes exercise for women.
*Connects exercise to religious responsibi…
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Boston Red Sox (7th inning stretch)
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Profesional baseball team in Boston.
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Chicago White (black) Soxs (7th inning stretch)
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*Allegations of them "fixing" series.
*8 players were involvedlosing game to win money. Labeled "Black sox" by the press.
*Tarnishes baseball's image.
*Players were tried and found NOT guilty.
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Cincinnati Red Stockings (7th inning stretch)
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In the late 1860's, they made baseball a profession. The 1st professional baseball team.
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New York Knickerbockers (7th inning stretch)
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*The 1st baseball team.
*In 1845, Alexander Cartwright and a group of friends play the 1st official baseball game in NJ.
*They established rules for play, moved their field to the Elysian Fields in Hoboken, NJ.
*Begins being played as an "organized club."
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Carlisle (pigskin prodogies)
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*Jim Thorpe, an American Indian emerges form poverty to become a celebrated athlete, and the first American hero of the Olympics.
*He was sent to Carlisle Academy, a Pennsylvania boarding school for Indian children. He did track & field, and was a football superman.
*The Carlisle team d…
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Yale (pigskin prodogies)
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*Walter Camp & Amos Alonzo Stagg attended college.
*Camp was a player and a coach at Yale. Innovations and rule changes altered the game. Selecting All American Team.
*Stagg studied religion, played several sports, excelling in baseball and football. Built winning program at University…
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Princeton (pigskin prodogies)
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*Part of the League of the IV.
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Candy Cummings (The national pastime)
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Invented the curveball, this changed baseball. The pitch is banned by some colleges because it is perceived as cheating. Bunt is invented.
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Kennesaw "Mountain" Landis (The national pastime)
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*Pursued Jack Johnson and charges him with transporting white women across state lines for immoral purposes, Johnson fled the country.
*Landis became the first commissioner of baseball.
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Branch Rickey (The national pastime)
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*The owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers and signed Jackie Robinson.
*Rickey felt like Robinson would be able to handle the pressure of being the 1st African American player to handle racial taunts from fans and prejudice of the players.
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Josh Gibson (The national pastime)
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*Catcher who was the black Babe Ruth.
*Played baseball in the Negro League.
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Homer Plessy (wheres the fight)
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Was part of the law suits that made it illegal to have segregation unless the segregation was equal. The trial was held in New Orleans.
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Joe Luis (wheres the fight)
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*(The Brown bomber) 2nd African American heavyweight boxing champ.
*Prior to WWII fought Max Schmelling, he won and also fought in war.
*Him and Owens helped bridge racial divide in America, and uscher desegregation movement following WWII.
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Tom Molyneaux (wheres the fight)
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*Virginian slave who was given his freedom because he was a good boxer.
*He was a travelling "professional" he would travel the country to fight anybody who wanted to fight him.
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Jim Jefferies (wheres the fight)
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*Fought in the "fight of the century" against Jack Johnson and lost.
*He was called "The great white hope."
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Angello Siciliano (muscles and all)
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*Winner of "Perfect man" competitions. An early bodybuilder. He renamed himself Charles Atlas.
*Sold a fitness program called Dynamic Tension.
*Muscle bindingthought to cause damage to heart and decrease speed and flexibility.
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Clara Baer (muscles and all)
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*A PE instructor who published a handbook "basketball rules for women and girls." (1 handed shot, jump shot, etc..)
*Started Newcomb ball, and started controversial in trying to push women into athletics.
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Jim Thorpe (muscles and all)
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*Native American, Among the 1st US Olympic champions, and had his medals stripped due to having played baseball for money.
*The 1st American Hero of the Olympics. At the 1912 Olympic games, he wins both Pentathion and Decathion events.
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Eugene Sandow (muscles and all)
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*He was a bodybuilder before the term existed, and posed to show his muscles.
*"Touring strongman" of early 1900's.
*Sold ineffective means to get "a Sandow-like body."
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Pierre de Coubertin (early sport management)
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Organizes the Modern Olympics.
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Bernar McFadden (early sport management)
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*International celebrity and fitness promoter.
*Promotes idea of fitness through his magazine and perfect man and women contests.
*Physical cultureis the 1st popular press magazine developed to fitness.
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Amos Alonzo Stagg (early sports management)
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*Proposed the FORWARD PASS (allowed football to be thrown down the field with the idea that it would spread players and reduce the number of players involved in tackling)
*Less congestion on fields, less injuries.
*Innovated football using practice equipment and recruiting.
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Hulbert and Spalding (early sport management)
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*Early innovations in the Major League Baseball.
*Spalding Better known for manufacturing sporting goods, this man helped organize professional baseball.
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track and field (roots)
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*Goes back to Ancient Greece.
*It was the first Olympic sport in the Olympics.
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Gymnastics (roots)
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*Was created in Germany. American colonies entered Revolutionary War, the new fitness movement was gymnastics.
*Johann Basedow lead way to the inclusion of PE in schools and opened the Philanthropinum. He hired Johann Simon to teach Greek gymnastics, he called it his "system of exercise…
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Basketball (roots)
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*Was invented at the YMCA training school in Springfield, MA by James Naismith.
*Sendra Berenson introduced it to women. (Same year as men) They 1st played at Smith College.
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Marathon (roots)
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*Named from a Greek battleground, this event was 1st held at the 1st Modern Olympic Games.
*It was based off of the Greek soldier Pheidippides who ran from a city called Marathon to Athens.
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League of IV (whats in the name)
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The 1st college conference. This conference included Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Princeton.
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Newcomb Ball (whats in the name)
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*A game played as an alternative to volleyball (Beginning of girls playing sports)
*It was played at Newcomb College, which is known today as Tulane University in New Orleans.
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Town Ball (whats in the name)
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The sport that baseball originated from.
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Physical Culture (whats in the name)
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The first fitness magazine devoted to fitness created by Bernarr McFadden.
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Germany (traditions)
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Was big into Gymnastics for fitness. It was connected to politics and immigrants.
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Greece (traditions)
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*The birthplace of competitive sport and the Olympics.
*1st dominant culture in Europe, 1st documented civilization with an appreciation for sport/PE/fitness, Idea of school based PE, Appreciation of physically fit body, organized system of competitive athletes, Ideas about how to get fi…
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Rome (traditions)
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*Made sport an entertainment enterprise.
*Contributions to sport revolved around gladiators & gladiatorial shows/games.
*Patrician classheld powerful positions.
*Plebeians worked for Patricians as farmers, craftsmen, & laborers.
*Rome was governed at 1st by senate then Emperors.
*Re…
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Scotland (traditions)
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Birthplace of golf.
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Dynamic tension (what should we call it)
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Exercise programs that Angelo Siciliano (renamed himself Charles Atlas) sold.
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Kraus Webber Report (what should we call it)
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*WWII and Kraus Weber Report provide data on fitness of Americans, spur attention to fitness.
*It published that US children were unfit compared to European kids.
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Muscular Christianity (what should we call it)
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*Dominant "fitness philosophy."
*Massachusetts was initially founded by people seeking religious freedom.
*1st fitness educators used "religion" to get people to exerciseCatherine Beecher was one of the 1st.
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Sports builds character (what should we call it)
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*Was a British philosophy.
*The idea that they would learn teamwork, cooperation, British Amateur sport ideal (playing for the sake of playing, as opposed to playing for money or glory)
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Paidotribe (things that start with the letter P)
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Fitness trainers in Ancient Greece.
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Pankration (things that start with the letter P)
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*Anything goes type of wrestling, blend of boxing and wrestling. Hand to hand combat event.
*The only things not acceptable were biting and gouging out the opponents eyes.
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Pentathlon (things that start with the letter P)
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*A sport that includes a person performing five different sports.
• Discus throw
• Javelin throw
• Long jump
• Stade race
• Wrestling
*Winner of this event was considered BEST all around athlete.
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pistol shooting (things that start with the letter P)
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One of the original modern Olympic sports.
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WWI and WWII
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Famous athletes are drafted into US Armed Forces, and their service is used as a vehicle to create support for the war. Events that introduced the US about getting fitter as a country.
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Civil War
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*It helped spread the popularity of baseball.
*Prior to the Civil war, Baseball was mostly known in New England and played by gentlemen.
*During the Civil war, it was played by soldiers both Union & Confederate Armies.
*After the Civil War, It was spread across the country, everyone ca…
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Cold War
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The Cold War sports competitions included many Olympic contests.
*Made the Country as a whole, support their Olympic athletes.
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KIN 362: EXAM 1