CHM 170: FINAL EXAM
69 Cards in this Set
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bronsted-lowry model
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an acid is a proton (H⁺) donor and a base is a proton acceptor
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conjugate base
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everything that remains of the acid molecule after a proton (H+) is lost
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conjugate acid
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formed when the proton is transferred to the base
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conjugate acid-base pair
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consists of two substances related to each other by donating and accepting of a single proton
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right
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if the base is a stronger base than the conjugate base, the equilibrium position will be far to the _______
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left
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if the conjugate base is a stronger base than the base, the equilibrium position will lie far to the _______
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strong acid
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type of acid if Ka is large
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weak acid
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type of acid if Ka is small
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weak acid
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type of acid if the equilibrium lies to the left
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strong acid
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type of acid if the [H⁺] equals the [original acid]
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weak acid
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type of acid if [H⁺] < [original acid]
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strong acid
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type of acid if the conjugate base is weaker than water
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weak acid
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type of acid if the conjugate base is stronger than water
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weak acid
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a type of acid in which the equilibrium lies far to the left
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strong acid
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type of acid in which equilibrium lies completely to the right
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stronger
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the weaker the acid, the _______ its conjugate base
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diprotic acid
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an acid having two acidic protons (ex: H₂SO₄)
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monoprotic acids
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those having one acidic proton
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basic
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if [OH⁻] > [H⁺], solution is _______
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acidic
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if [OH⁻] < [H⁺], solution is _______
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neutral
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if [OH⁻] = [H⁺], solution is _______
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vary
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equilibrium constants (Kc) ____ with temperature
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1 x 10⁻¹⁴
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in any aqueous solution at 25 degrees C, the product of [H⁺] [OH⁻] must equal _________
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percent dissociation
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amount dissociated (mol/L)/initial concentration (mol/L) x 100
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polyprotic acids
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can release more than one proton
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triprotic acids
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have three protons that dissociate in more than one step
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salt
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another name for ionic compound
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multiply
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when adding reactions together you ___ the Kc's
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reactants
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Q>K the reaction forms
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products
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Q<K the reaction forms
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left
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Q>K the reaction shifts
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right
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Q<K the reaction shifts
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products
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Q>Kc there are more
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reactants
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Q<Kc there are more
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lewis acid
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electron pair acceptor
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lewis base
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electron pair donor
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arrhenious acids
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substances that produce H+ in solutions
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arrhenious base
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substances that produce OH- in solutions
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bronsted lowry acid
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species that donate H+
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bronsted lowry base
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species that accepts H+
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[HA]/Ka>100
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when can you assume X is small?
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heat
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energy that transfers from one object to another because of temperature difference
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endothermic
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heat absorbed from the surroundings
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exothermic
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releases heat to its surroundings
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enthalpy
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accounts for the heat flow of the system at constant pressure
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chemical equilibrium
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when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
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le chateliere's principle
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if a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes in a way that relieves the stress
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equilibrium constant
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the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations at equilibrium
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state function
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only depends on initial and final states, not how you get there
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non-state functions
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q, w, distance
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entropy
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function that increases with the number of ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state.
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Anode
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where oxidation occurs
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Cathode
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where reduction occurs
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J
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VxC
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stable
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Delta G of formation is + then its..
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unstable
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Delta G of formation is - then its..
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opposite signs
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lnK and delta G knot have...
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irreversable
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spontaneous processes are
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mass action
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the equilibrium equation is also know as the law of
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reduces
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the presence of a common ion____ solubility
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less
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the smaller the Ksp the _____ soluble
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more
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the bigger the S the ____ soluble
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midpoint of range
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pKa of indicators equals
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spontaneous
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voltaic cells
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nonspontaneous
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electrolytic cells
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0
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at equilibrium delta G is
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reduced
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oxidizing agents get
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oxidized
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reducing agents get
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forward
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K >> 1 the ___ reaction is favored
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CHM 170: Final Exam Study Guide