CHM 170: Final Exam Study Guide
67 Cards in this Set
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Neutralization reaction
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the reaction of an acid and a base to produce water and a salt
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what is the problem with increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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Global warming
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What chemical bond is broken by a photon light in a typical CFC molecule?
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C-Cl
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Oxygen is more soluble at
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Colder temperatures.
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Primary wastewater treatment copies two of natures purification methods. Which two?
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settling and filtration
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What does the Chapman cycle illustrate?
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The formation and destruction of Ozone
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Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is
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high for polluted water
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ozone-depleting substances typically contain this element
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chlorine
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In the United States, the average number of gallons per person of fresh water used per day is
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90 gallons
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substances used to disinfect water
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ozone and chlorine
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Continent the ozone hole is located over
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Antarctica
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What happens to most of the UV radiation in our atmosphere?
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Absorbed by ozone
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how is radiation absorbed
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by increasing the molecular vibrations of molecules
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Carbon Dioxide warms earth by?
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Green House effect
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Earths Greenhouse (greenhouse effect)
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1. Sun passes through the atmosphere and heats land and water.
1. Some heat travels back into the atmosphere.
2. Heat trapped by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and other gases will be sent back to earth
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in the past, what were sources of atmospheric CFC's
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air-conditiong, aersol sprays, refrigerants, blown foams
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ozone-depleting substances typically contain this element
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chlorine
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What is another name for infrared radiation
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heat
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What physical condition is associated with iodine deficiency?
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goiter
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do organic foods contain addatives
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yes
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one food calorie is equal to how many small calories?
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1000
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alcohol family
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-OH group attached to a tetravalent carbon
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Alkyne
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HC with C to C triple bond
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what family is ether in
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an oxygen with carbon on both sides
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Structure of Alkane
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CH3 - CH2 - CH3
Single Bonds
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Aromatic Compound Structure
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(always a 6 member ring with alternating single and double bonds
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where dose oxidization occur in battery
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anode?
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a _____ agent is being oxidized, or is losing electrons to cause reduction, or gain of electrons
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reducing
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a pure substance which can be decomposed into two or more pure substances is
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a compound
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How many millimeters in 1 cm?
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10 mm = 1 cm
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bases are used in
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soap manufacturing, Fertilizer manufacture and cotton processing
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In ionic compounds, ___ lose their valence electrons to form positively charged ____
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metals; cations
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what is the correct formula for magnesium oxide
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MgO
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How many electrons will aluminum gain or lose when it forms an ion?
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Lose 3
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Formula for pH
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pH=-log[H+]
[H+]=10^-pH
[H+][OH-]=10^-14 M
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The octet rule indicates that
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atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to have 8 valence electrons
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What is Daltons Atomic Theory?
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1. All matter is made up of atoms
2. Atoms can't become different kinds (nuclear reactions)
3. Atoms of one kind are identical, and different from any other kind (isotopes)
4. Compounds: combinations of atoms in specific ratios
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mixture
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two or more pure substances
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the number of protons is equal to
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atomic number and electrons
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What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?
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Protons and neutrons
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as radiation energy increases wavelength ___
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decreases
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The law of constant composition states
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All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constitute an elements
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Avogadro's number
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6 x 10^23 particles = one mole of any compound
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Substances that do not undergo a permanent change when stretched are called
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elastomers
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The monomers in proteins are
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amino acids
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Mineral important for bone health?
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Calcium
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water - souluble vitamins
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B's and C
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All combustion reactions of fossil fuels
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give off energy
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Which term describes the general function of an enzyme
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catalyst
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Which fossil fuel burns cleaner and more completely?
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Natural gas
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energy reservoir in animals
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glycogen
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The science that deals with diet and health is called
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nutrition
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Octane ratings are based on comparison of the fuel being tested with the knocking properties of mixtures of
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isooctane and heptane
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Polymerization is
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formation of large molecules out of little ones.
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Which is the most commonly recycled plastic?
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HDPE (High density polyethylene)
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Antioxidant vitamins
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C & E, beta-carotene, and selenium
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Fractional Distillation of Petroleum
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separates fractions, each of which contain many hydrocarbons
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A hydrocarbon with a double bond is an
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alkene
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Which functional group contains a nitrogen atom?
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amine
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the amount of heat energy released from burning
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heat of combustion
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complete combustion of C2H6 yields
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CO2 and H20
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Fat Soluble Vitamins
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Includes vitamins A, D, E and K. Vitamins A, D and E are supplemented in many livestock rations. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body fat reserves
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Petroleum is separated into fractions in the refining process. What fraction has molecules with the largest size?
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paraffin wax
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micronutrients
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elements required in relatively small amounts
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Isomer
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compounds that have the same chemical formula but different molecular structures
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Digestion converts carbohydrates to?
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monosaccarides
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The small molecules used to synthesize polymers are called
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Monomers
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CHM 170: Final Exam Study Guide