51 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Cholera
|
Vibrio cholerae
fecal contaminated water
diarrhea
|
|
Norovirus
|
gastroenteritis
outbreaks on winter
stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting
|
|
Campylobacteriosis
|
Campylobaccter jejuni
poultry and unpasteurized milk
most common cause of diarrhea
|
|
Pathogenic E. coli
|
food infection
diarrhea
shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC)--> highly pathogenic E. coli--> enterohemorrhagic E. coli
serotype: O antigen (LPS) and H antigen (flagella protein)
|
|
Typhoid fever
|
Salmonella
Typhoid Mary
|
|
Salmonella
|
Salmonella enterica
serotype: location first identified
enterotoxins and endotoxins
|
|
Systemic Toxic Shock Syndrom
|
Staphylococcus aureus (food poisoning and skin infection)
exotoxin: superantigen
|
|
Tetanus
|
Clostridium tetani
anoxic conditions/deep puncture wounds
spastic paralysis
|
|
Plague
|
Yersinia pestis
zoonotic disease
flea vectors
reservoir: rodent
bubonic plague: lymph nodes
pneumonic plague: infections of the lung
septicemic plague: bacterium spreads directly into bloodstream
|
|
Lyme disease
|
Borrella burgdorferi
zoonotic disease
deer tick
red ring, flu like symptoms, neurological problems, demyelination of neurons
|
|
Typhus
|
Rickettsia prowazekii
human host
head lice transmission
vector control
|
|
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
|
Rickettsia ricckettssii
zoonotic disease: humans accidental host
fever, headache, rash, diarrhea, vomiting
dispersal to many organs
3-12 day incubation in hosts
|
|
Rickettisial Diseases
|
bacterial pathogens
obligate intracellular parasites
injected directly into bloodstream
rocky mountain spotted fever, ehrilchiosis, typhus, Q fever
|
|
West Nile Virus
|
reservoir: birds
vector: mosquitoes
avian zoonotic disease
|
|
Rabies
|
enzootic disease
direct animal to animal or animal to human contact
reservoir control: vaccination domestic animals
|
|
AIDS
|
caused by HIV
tissue tropism
CD4 and CCR5
opportunistic pathogen and rare cancers
|
|
HPV
|
sexually transmitted
cervical cncer
viral pathogen
virus DNA can integrate into host cell chromosome (transformation into a tumor
|
|
Syphilis
|
Treponema pallidum
enter through breaks in epithelium
treated w antibiotics
primary: chancre
secondary: skin rash
latent: long term
tertiary: lesions on skin, but latent
|
|
Gonorrhea
|
bacterial STD
Neisseria gonorrhaeae
can change surface antigen to avoid immune system
gram negative
reinfections possible
|
|
Hepatitis
|
liver inflammation--> liver cancer and cirrhosis
A: food/water
B and C: shared needles and transfusion
B treated with vaccine and antivirals, C with antivirals
|
|
Gastric Ulcers
|
Helicobacter pylori
create own habitat in mucousa of stomach
use urease to produce urea to neutralize stomach
treatment: give patients something to neutralize pH and antibiotics
|
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
cytolytic toxins: hemolysisn
coagulase
superantigens (toxic shock sydrome
MRSA (resistant to antibiotics)
horizontal gene transfer
impetigo
|
|
H5N1 Influenza
|
Asian bird flu
outbreak in Hong Kong
successful application of epidemiology
|
|
antigenic drift
|
mutation of genes over time
|
|
antigenic shift
|
shuffling of RNA segments
|
|
Influenza
|
serotypes N and H
location, year and subtype
enveloped virus
|
|
common cold
|
rhinovirus: contains antigens of many variance (non-enveloped)
coronavirus (enveloped): membrane derived from host cell
aerosol transmission
|
|
varicella-zoster virus
|
chicken pox and then shingles
|
|
MMR
|
measles, mumps, rubella
measles (rubeola virus): spread airborne, Ro=18, immune system impaired for a year
mumps: inflammation of salivary glands, airborne
rubella (german measles): milder than measles, infection of fetus: stillbirth/birth defects
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis
|
caused by:
Neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae
if have Neisseria meningitidis in nasopharynx, no symptoms--> carrier
meningococcemia: meningococcal septicemia
inflammation of meninges
|
|
Tuberculosis
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
intracellular parasites
evade immune system
have myloic acid--> destroyed by isoniazid
creates nodules
|
|
Pertussis
|
Bordetella pertussis
two important virulence factors:
filamentous hemagglutinin: surface protein on bacteria that helps with adhesion to upper respiratory
pertussis exotoxin: damages tissues surrounding infection site--> AB toxin
|
|
Pneumonia
|
streptococcus pneumoniae
fluid in lungs due to immune response
|
|
Group B Strep
|
streptococcus agalacitae
common in infants
|
|
Group A strep
|
streptococcus pyogenes
steptococcal pharyngitis
lyse RBCs
|
|
Scarlet fever
|
untreated group a strep
erythrogenic exotoxin
|
|
rheumatic fever
|
untreated group a strep
antigen resembles normal human antigen
|
|
necrotizing fascitis
|
untreated group a strep
flesh eating bacteria
|
|
MRSA
|
staphylococcus aureus
resistant to beta-lactam methicillin
skin/wound
|
|
CRE
|
carbapenem beta-lacten antibiotic resistant
two bacteria:
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
spread in hospitals
|
|
VRE
|
antibiotic resistant
vanomycin-resistant enterococcus
spread in hospitals
|
|
C. diff
|
clostridium difficile
spore forming, gram positive
antibiotics
feces
common in hospitals
|
|
HIV
|
retrovirus
tropism for specific human cell types
|
|
small pox
|
variola major
skin rash, pustules, septic shock, toxemia
|
|
prevalence
|
total number of existing cases during a specific time period
|
|
incidence
|
number of new cases in a specific time period
|
|
antibiotic resistance mechanism
|
reduced ability for antibiotic to reach effective concentration in cell
inactivation of antibiotic w microbial enzyme
mutation in antibiotic target molecule
|
|
natural passive immunity
|
maternal
|
|
natural active immunity
|
infection
|
|
artificial passive immunity
|
antibody transfer
|
|
artificial active immunity
|
immunization
|
Study Guide: Final Exam