ANTHRO 2050: FINAL EXAM
48 Cards in this Set
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egalitarian society
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a society in which the only differences in status are based on skill, age, and gender
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ranked society
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hierarchy of prestige not linked to age, gender, or ability
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states
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society in which power is organized on a supra-kin basis or by a bureaucracy that uses force
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stratified society
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society in which access to key resources is linked to prestige
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urban society
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people live in large cities
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empires
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a political entity that brings together diverse and heterogeneous group of societies under a single ruler
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cuneiforms
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writing system where symbols were pressed into wet clay (i.e. Sumerian and Akkadian)
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Mesopotamia
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region along the course of the Tigris and Euphrates centered in modern day Iraq
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royal tombs (Ur)
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Leonard Wooly, ornate burial for king and queen
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Tigris and Euphrates
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two large rivers that were the focus for the development of Mesopotamia
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Uruk
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the oldest known city in the world, located in southern Iraq
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Uruk Period
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period between 4000-3200 BC, first cities were developed
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ziggurat
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stepped pyramid found in many Mesopotamian temple precincts
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Cepheren
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A Fourth Dynasty Egyptian king who constructed a pyramid at Giza that was slightly smaller than the one constructed by Cheops. THe great Sphinx is located alongside the Cepheren Valley Temple
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Cheops
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A Fourth Dynasty Egyptian king who constructed the first and largest pyramid ever built at Giza
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Giza
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The site of the pyramids of Cheops, Cepheren, and Mycerinus- monuments representing the apex of pyramid construction in Old Kingdom Egypt
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Hierakonopolis
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Along with Abydos, one of the two centers of Egypt during the late Predynastic period and the First Dynasty
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Lower Egypt
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The northern part of Egyptian Nile River Valley, includes the Nile Delta
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Mycernius
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Last Fourth Dynasty king to build a pyramid at Giza; it was smaller than the other pyramids and partially made with polished granite
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Narmer Pallette
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An artifact found at Hierakonopolis, the two sides show the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
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Nile Valley
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Lush vegetation descending down from the highlands of Ethiopia
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Saqqara
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Location of the earliest pyramid, the Stepped Pyramid
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Upper Egypt
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Southern Egyptian Nile River Valley, ends in a series of cataracts in the area of the Egypt/Sudan border
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Harappa
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One of the two major urban centers of the Harappan Period (2600-1900 BCE)
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Harappan script
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Script that has not been deciphered, known for its small carved stone sealings used to mark vessels and bundles
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Indus Valley
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Area along the course of the Indus River that covers much of modern Pakistan and the Kutch and Gujarat Provinces of India
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Mohenjo-Daro
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One of the two major urban centers of the Harappan Period (built apx. 2600 BCE)
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Copan
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Large Maya city with two large pyramids and an elaborate ball court in the center
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Maya hieroglyphs
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Writing system of the Maya, currently the only Mesoamerican script that has been substantially deciphered
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Olmec
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Earliest complex society in Mesoamerica, sites are found all across the Gulf Coast of Mexico
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Pyramid of the Moon
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Pyramid complex used for both symbolic functions and the production of military supplies and located at the north end of the Avenue of the Dead in Teotihuacan
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Pyramid of the Sun
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The largest monument in Teotihuacan, rising to 64 meters
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Avenue of the Dead
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Road that stretches 5 kilometers through the center of Teotihuacan
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Temple of the Feathered Serpent (Quetzalcoatl)
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Structure at the back of the Ciudadela adorned with the sculpted heads of a feathered serpent diety
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Teotihuacan
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Enormous city with the population of over 80,000 located in the Valley of Mexico and established around 2,000 years ago
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Tikal
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One of the major Mayan urban centers
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ayllus
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Kin-based farming communities that are an important element of Andean civilization
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Chavin de Huantar
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Major ceremonial center in the Andean highlands constructed around 800 BC
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Huaca de la Luna
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Massive mudbrick mound at the site of the Moche where actual remains of sacrificial victims were uncovered and found in various states of dismemberment
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Huaca del Sol
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Massive mound made of over 140 million mudbricks, located at the site of Moche
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Inca Empire
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Empire that thrived for over a century and at its peak ruled over 12 million people from northern Chile to Ecuador
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khipu
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System of knotted strings used by the Inca to record information
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Lanzon
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Engraved monolith at the core of the temple at Chavin de Huantar
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Machu Picchu
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Inca royal estate on a high mountain peak at the western end of the Urubamba Valley
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Moche
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A culture that developed along the Pacific coast of Peru at the same time as the Nasca
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Sipan
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Elaborate burial site on the coast of Peru, indicator of the wealth and violence of the Moche
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Tawantinsuyu
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Inca name for their empire, means "the four parts together"
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Urubamba Valley
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Location of Machu Picchu
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Laboratory Final