54 Cards in this Set
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Short Wave Radiation
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radiation energy emitted by the sun in the form of waves of less than 4.0 micrometers
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Long Wave Radiation
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electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth in form of waves more than 4.0 micrometers in amplitude, which includes heat reradiated by earth's surface
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rotation
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turning of the Earth on its polar axis; one complete rotation requires 24 hours and determines one earth day
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revolution
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motion of Earth along a path, or orbit, around the sun. Eequires approximately 365 1/4 days and determines as Earth year.
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electromagnetic energy
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all forms of energy that share the property of moving through space in a wavelike pattern of electric and magnetic fields
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solstice
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One of two times each year when the position of the noon sun is overhead at its farthest distance from the equator; this occurs when the sun is overhead at the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricon
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equinox
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one of two times each year when the position of the noon sun is overhead at the equator; all over Earth, day and night are of equal length
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Tropic of Cancer
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parallel of latitude at 23.5N the northern limit to the migration of the sun's vertical rays throughout the year
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Tropic of Capricon
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parallel of latitude at 23.5 S the southern limit to the migration of the sun's vertical rays throughout the year
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isotherms
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lines connecting points of equal temperature
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maritime temperatures
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relating to weather, climate, or atmospheric conditions in coastal or oceanic areas
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latent heat of vaporization
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Evaporation, no particular temp change.
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latent heat of condensation
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energy release in the form of heat, as water is converted from the gaseous to the liquid state
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Cyclone
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low pressure
Anti-cycle or cyclone?
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anti-cyclone
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high pressure
Anti-cycle or cyclone?
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convergent winds
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pressure-and-wind system where the airflow is inward toward the cetner, where the pressure is lowest
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divergent winds
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pressure-and-wind system where the airflow is outward away from the center
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Coriolis effect
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causes winds to be turned or deflected from their path
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Windward
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location on the side that faces toward the wind and therefore exposed or unprotected
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leeward
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located on the side facing away from the wind
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equatorial low
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zone of low atmospheric pressure centered more or less over the equator where heated air is rising
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Trade Winds
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consistent surface winds blowing in low latitudes from the subtropical highs toward the intertropical convergence zone
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Saturation
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point at which sufficient cooling has occurred so that an air mass contains the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold
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absolute humidity
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mass of water vapor present per unit volume of air, expressed as grams per cubic meter, or grains per cubic foot
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cirrus clouds
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high detatched clouds consisting of ice particles. clouds that are white and feathery or fibrous in appearance
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convectional precipitation
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precipitation resulting from condensation of water vapor in an air mass that is rising convenctionally as it is heated from below
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dry adiabatic lapse rate
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rate at which a rising mass of air is cooled by expansion when no condensation is occurring
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wet adiabatic rate
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rate at which a rising mass of air is cooled by expansion when condensation is taking place.
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relative humidity
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ratio between the amount of water vapor in air of a given temperature and the maximum amount of water vapor that the air could hold at that temperature, if saturated;usually expressed as a percentage
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analemma
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a diagram that shows the declination of the sun throughout the year
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Oxygen- 21
Nitrogen- 78
Other -1
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Atmosphere
Oxygen __%
Nitrogen __%
Other __ %
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from which hey flow
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Wind are named according to the direction_____
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Leeward because its sinking and warming
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Which is dryer? Leeward or Windward?
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Cyclones
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Do more clouds develop in the anti cyclones or cyclones?
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Warm
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Cirrus clouds form after a ____ front
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Cold
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Cumulo nimbus clouds form after a ___ front
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A) Counter clock-wise
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Cyclones rotate___
A) Counter clock-wise
B) Clockwise
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B) Clockwise
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Anti-Cyclones rotate___
A) Counter clock-wise
B) Clockwise
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A) Convectional
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Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with excessive radiation. Example: Equatorial low
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic
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C) Orographic
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Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with air masses rising to go over mountain barriers. For example: the Sierra Nevada Mountains
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic
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B) Frontal
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Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with warm front and cold front air mass flow. For example: the American mid-west
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic
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Continental Polar
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Weather is typically colder and stable because it is warmer than the surface beneath it
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Westerlies
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surface winds flowing from the polar portions of the subtropical highs, carrying fronts, storms, and variable weather conditions from west to east and through middle latitudes
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Subtropical highs
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cells of high atmospheric pressure centered over the eastern portions of the oceans in the vicinity of 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south latitude
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Reflection
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Smoke and dust
Is that typically reflection or absorption?
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Absorption
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Water vapor and Carbon Dioxide
Is that typically reflection or absorption?
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Convection
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process by which a circulation is produced within an air mass or fluid body
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Conduction
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transfer of heat within a body or between adjacent matter by means of internal molecular movement
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Attenuation
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Drawing out of energy
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High Pressure to Low Pressure
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Winds Blow from....
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29.92
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Air pressure standard sea level is ___ HG
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Occluded Front
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Boundary between a rapidly advancing cold air mass and an uplifted warm air mass cut off from Earth's surface
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Inclination
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____ of the earth is 23.5
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Parallelism
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_____ the length between the angle of the sun is always at 23.5
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GEO 121: TEST 1