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GEO 121: Exam 2
Short Wave Radiation |
radiation energy emitted by the sun in the form of waves of less than 4.0 micrometers |
Long Wave Radiation |
electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth in form of waves more than 4.0 micrometers in amplitude, which includes heat reradiated by earth's surface |
rotation |
turning of the Earth on its polar axis; one complete rotation requires 24 hours and determines one earth day |
revolution |
motion of Earth along a path, or orbit, around the sun. Eequires approximately 365 1/4 days and determines as Earth year. |
electromagnetic energy |
all forms of energy that share the property of moving through space in a wavelike pattern of electric and magnetic fields |
solstice |
One of two times each year when the position of the noon sun is overhead at its farthest distance from the equator; this occurs when the sun is overhead at the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricon |
equinox |
one of two times each year when the position of the noon sun is overhead at the equator; all over Earth, day and night are of equal length |
Tropic of Cancer |
parallel of latitude at 23.5N the northern limit to the migration of the sun's vertical rays throughout the year |
Tropic of Capricon |
parallel of latitude at 23.5 S the southern limit to the migration of the sun's vertical rays throughout the year |
isotherms |
lines connecting points of equal temperature |
maritime temperatures |
relating to weather, climate, or atmospheric conditions in coastal or oceanic areas |
latent heat of vaporization |
Evaporation, no particular temp change. |
latent heat of condensation |
energy release in the form of heat, as water is converted from the gaseous to the liquid state |
Cyclone |
low pressure
Anti-cycle or cyclone? |
anti-cyclone |
high pressure
Anti-cycle or cyclone? |
convergent winds |
pressure-and-wind system where the airflow is inward toward the cetner, where the pressure is lowest |
divergent winds |
pressure-and-wind system where the airflow is outward away from the center |
Coriolis effect |
causes winds to be turned or deflected from their path |
Windward |
location on the side that faces toward the wind and therefore exposed or unprotected |
leeward |
located on the side facing away from the wind |
equatorial low |
zone of low atmospheric pressure centered more or less over the equator where heated air is rising |
Trade Winds |
consistent surface winds blowing in low latitudes from the subtropical highs toward the intertropical convergence zone |
Saturation |
point at which sufficient cooling has occurred so that an air mass contains the maximum amount of water vapor it can hold |
absolute humidity |
mass of water vapor present per unit volume of air, expressed as grams per cubic meter, or grains per cubic foot |
cirrus clouds |
high detatched clouds consisting of ice particles. clouds that are white and feathery or fibrous in appearance |
convectional precipitation |
precipitation resulting from condensation of water vapor in an air mass that is rising convenctionally as it is heated from below |
dry adiabatic lapse rate |
rate at which a rising mass of air is cooled by expansion when no condensation is occurring |
wet adiabatic rate |
rate at which a rising mass of air is cooled by expansion when condensation is taking place. |
relative humidity |
ratio between the amount of water vapor in air of a given temperature and the maximum amount of water vapor that the air could hold at that temperature, if saturated;usually expressed as a percentage |
analemma |
a diagram that shows the declination of the sun throughout the year |
Oxygen- 21
Nitrogen- 78
Other -1 |
Atmosphere
Oxygen __%
Nitrogen __%
Other __ % |
from which hey flow
|
Wind are named according to the direction_____ |
Leeward because its sinking and warming |
Which is dryer? Leeward or Windward? |
Cyclones |
Do more clouds develop in the anti cyclones or cyclones? |
Warm |
Cirrus clouds form after a ____ front |
Cold
|
Cumulo nimbus clouds form after a ___ front |
A) Counter clock-wise |
Cyclones rotate___
A) Counter clock-wise
B) Clockwise |
B) Clockwise |
Anti-Cyclones rotate___
A) Counter clock-wise
B) Clockwise |
A) Convectional |
Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with excessive radiation. Example: Equatorial low
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic |
C) Orographic |
Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with air masses rising to go over mountain barriers. For example: the Sierra Nevada Mountains
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic |
B) Frontal |
Precipitation Causing Conditions
Lifting associated with warm front and cold front air mass flow. For example: the American mid-west
A) Convectional
B) Frontal
C) Orographic |
Continental Polar |
Weather is typically colder and stable because it is warmer than the surface beneath it |
Westerlies |
surface winds flowing from the polar portions of the subtropical highs, carrying fronts, storms, and variable weather conditions from west to east and through middle latitudes |
Subtropical highs |
cells of high atmospheric pressure centered over the eastern portions of the oceans in the vicinity of 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south latitude |
Reflection |
Smoke and dust
Is that typically reflection or absorption? |
Absorption |
Water vapor and Carbon Dioxide
Is that typically reflection or absorption? |
Convection |
process by which a circulation is produced within an air mass or fluid body |
Conduction |
transfer of heat within a body or between adjacent matter by means of internal molecular movement |
Attenuation |
Drawing out of energy |
High Pressure to Low Pressure |
Winds Blow from.... |
29.92 |
Air pressure standard sea level is ___ HG |
Occluded Front |
Boundary between a rapidly advancing cold air mass and an uplifted warm air mass cut off from Earth's surface |
Inclination |
____ of the earth is 23.5 |
Parallelism |
_____ the length between the angle of the sun is always at 23.5 |