TEL-T TEL-T 317 : FINAL EXAM
46 Cards in this Set
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Network Protocol
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defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices.
use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages.
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convergence
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the merge of various forms of media
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Network Effects
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"Metcalfe's Law"
When the value of a product or service increases as its number of users expands.
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Path Dependence
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Our behavior is constrained by decisions that have been made in the past
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Lock-in/Switching costs
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You aren’t going to switch because of the inconvenience to you
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critical mass
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The tipping point upon which a network enters a virtuous cycle and wins over the other networks
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Mosaic
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The worlds first web browser
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marc andreessen
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Invented Mosaic
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Venture capitalism
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Inventing in startups and risky businesses
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Are the world wide web and the internet the same thing?
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www is an application you can access using the internet
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Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn
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(1992) Father of the Internet
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Analog Data
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Data which is presented in a continuous matter
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Geodesic Domes
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Strong structures recently used for building houses, has a strong resemblance to the structure of the internet.
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TCP/IP
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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
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Packet Switching
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Information is broken down in random order then reassembled at destination point
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Sunk Cost
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Cost for providing a service vs. number of units
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Phreaks
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Name given to original people that hacked the phone system
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Legal monopoly
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State says you will be the only lawful provider of a service or good (ex. AT&T)
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Natural Monopoly
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-When the monopoly is the result of market forces, not the law (information industries)
-High sunk costs
-Small market base
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Libel tourism
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Suing in a place of different jurisdiction than your own
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Incitement
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Being told to do something illegal
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“Free Flow” theory
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·The primary function of international communication is to promote democracy, freedom of expression and markets
·Political purpose
·Business purpose- to sell American good in foreign countries
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Network
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A network is the interconnection of two or more independent computer or switches
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Protocol
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A set of rules
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What did Lessig mean when he coined the phrase “code is law”?
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Network protocols constrain our social behavior
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Internets features
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Packet switching, open, internetwork design, decentralized, neutral
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Intergalactic Network concept
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Everyone on the globe is interconnected and can access programs and data at any site from anywhere
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Inventors of Packet Switching
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· Leonard Kleinrock(1934-)
o 1962 PhD MIT, worked at UCLA
· Paul Baran(1962-2011)
o RAND Corporation, Santa Monica
o 1964 paper on redistributed computer networks
· Donald Watts Davies
o BUILDS UK’s Mark 1 packet switched network, 1970
· Louis …
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What makes a public network?
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The general public can get on it.
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On Jan 28th, 1998, Jon Postel, aka “the gods of the internet,” “the benevolent dictator of the internet,” and “our resident hippie-patriarch”, hijacked the internet for a few hours. How so?
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· He simply asked the mirrors to point to his computer(voluntarily)
· He ordered all the regional DNS mirrors to point to his computer in the computer science building at the university of southern California, rather than to the root server managed by the Network Solutions.
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In 1993, the NSF handed the NSFnet root server- also called the DNS server- to a private, not-for-profit company called Network Solutions. What is the important role played by the root server?
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It is like a map of the internet(tells you where the other computers are)
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In the 1995-2001 era, hundred of thousands of young people flocked to the San Fran bay area to participate in the new gold rush: the dot.com rush.
In financial terms , what was their dream trajectory?
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Attract venture capital, then offer your company to the public as a part of an IPO, then sell your shares on the open market and retire early
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Why do we network?
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1.) Share processing power from a distance
2.) access content remotely
3.) revival of remote processing
4.) increased reliability (cloud computing)
5.) mobility (work not from the office)
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What is the name of the network which uses only the lower three layers in the OSI model?
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The subnet
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ARPA funded ARPANET, the internet’s ancestor, mainly for what reason?
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In order to enable university researcher spread around the country to share costly mainframe computers ARPA was funding
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Telenet (1972)
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-Public network. Anyone who had a mainframe could connect to it, anyone who had a computer could connect to it.
-Within 6 months there were 33 mainframes connected to it
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Why are networks fundamentally political?
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Technological presentations of political ideas
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Why are protocols political?
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They embed political values into technology
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What is Moore’s law?
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The number of transistors on a circuit board doubles every two years
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Who invented the internet?
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Nobody in particular: the internet was a collaborative effort
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Minitel terminal
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Minitel was the world’s first public network to beat critical mass and reach high penetration at the level of a country
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3 main periods
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-ARPA- 1990 ARPA gets decommissioned and now the main network is NSFNET 1990-1995
-1962-1990 was military, ARPA
-1995 is when commercial traffic is allowed. Internet is privatized (pub
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NSFNET (1991 – 1995)
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controlled by the US national science foundation
no commercial traffic allowed
private network
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the privatized internet (1995 - )
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controlled by private network operators
commercial traffic allowed
public network
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What made email the original killer app?
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It was so cool that it motivated otherwise-resistant computer scientists at large universities to network their ARPA-funded mainframes
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What made “the web” the internet’s killer app in the post 1995 era?
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It featured a slick graphical user interface that could combine text, pictures, videos, and music, as well as hypertext links conveniently showing the path from one site to another
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Study Guide: Exam 3