72 Cards in this Set
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Why is Business Ethics a Management Course?
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The answer to this question appears routinely in the newspapers
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Tomorrow's business executives and political leaders are today's _______
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students and this is not always encouraging
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The problem with the question of "can a business ethics course change behavior?"
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It assumes one behavioral track assumes the simplistic all good vs. all evil belief
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Ethics is about...
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MATURE BEHAVIOR
self-discipline
responsibility
cooperativeness
fairness
professionalism
wisdom
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Every other class in this college is designed to expand your knowledge, this class is designed to expand your ______
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wisdom
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All wisdom begins with ____-_____________
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self-understanding
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Today, Business Ethics is Professional Ethics b/c
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Traditional free market careers are being replaced by careers in non-profits and government
Institutions don't make decisions, people do
Governmental activities are more and more entangled with business activities, blurring traditional distinctions
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Why are today's managers creating a demand for a business ethics course
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Conflicting legal systems
Small disputes
Media destroying privacy
Trust dissolving, cynicism rising
Public more environmentally conscious
Don't want poor public image
Respect=being fair
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Attorneys Study under the heading...
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Philosophy of Law
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We study "the philosophy of business" under the heading...
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Business Ethics
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Philosophy is that field of study which examines the following nine questions
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Existential, cosmological, ontological, epistemological, value theory, teleological, ethical, sociological, introspective
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What is the self?
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The existential question
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From what does existence come?
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The cosmological question
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Of what is the world made?
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The ontology question
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How does the self know the world?
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The epistemological question
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What is good?
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The value theory question
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The value theory question is important to the field of
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marketing
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Does life have purpose?
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The teleological question
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The teleological question is important to
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career development
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How should the self conduct itself with respect to the world?
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The ethical question
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How should the world conduct itself with respect to the self?
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The sociological question
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Who is man?
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The Introspective question
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Ethics
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That field of study which adresses the philosophical question: How should the self relate to the world?
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Existentialism
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A literary and philosophical exploration into how it feels to exist in an indifferent world
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Phenomenology
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The study arguing that knowledge cannot go beyond appearances to the mind
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Epistemology
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The study of knowledge and the use of logic to achieve certainty
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Skepticism
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The view that absolute knowledge and certainty are impossible
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Commensurable
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Capable of being measured by a common standard
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Aesthetics
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That part of value concerned with the proper interpretation of beauty
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Instrumental values
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Those associated with something which fulfills a human need.
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Value conflicts
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Where an activity serving one value defeats another
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Ethical Relativism
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The belief that ethics has no valid ground, that right and wrong are purely subjective. The fundamental challenge to ethics.
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The establishment of a universally accepted philosophical _______ ______ allows one to overcome the problem of ethical relativism
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ethical ground
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A primary goal of ethical theorists in business is to
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discover and define the best philosophical ethical ground for one's philosophy of business
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Ground
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A statement or set of statements which can be held as incontestably acceptable. One's basic beliefs
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2 kinds of ground
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1 a posteriori
2 a priori
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a posteriori
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known with certainty by the SENSES. Objective sense knowledge only exists when all observers experience the same IF-THEN conditions.
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a priori
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known with certainty by INFERENCE. Relates to those things we know with certainty when we have no casual influence affecting our senses.
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Empiricism
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The view that only that which is known by the senses (a posteriori) can serve as valid ground
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A Worldview
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The set of answers that one supplies to the 9 great Qs of philosophy
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Moral Ground
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A set of ethical principles, virtues, & values which can be held as incontestably acceptable to others as well as yourself
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A Moral Philosophy
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An ethical theory having a well-defined moral ground & methodology
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Self-Righteousness
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To define one's moral ground using only one's OWN opinions
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Solipism
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The view that I alone exist
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An Ethical Rule
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An outline for conduct which brings one's conduct in line with one's ethical ground
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3 Elements of an Ethical Rule
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1 Regard for the VIEW of others
2 Regard for the PROPERTY of others
3 Regard for the RIGHTS of others
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Pragmatic
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Practical, serving one's SELF-INTEREST in an efficient way
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Pragmatic Rule
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A useful guideline for conduct intended to serve SELF-INTEREST
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Ethical theorists believe the ethical rules of business & professional ethics function as pragmatic rules as well because...
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No one wants to
1 Work with
2 Work for
3 Buy from
4 Sell to
5 Hire
6 Lend to
7 Recommend to others
SOMEONE THEY CAN'T TRUST
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Societies seek to regulate behavior by...
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making the COST of doing unwanted behavior HIGHER THAN the VALUE of the REWARD it creates
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1st Rule of Ethics
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Always OBEY THE LAW
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2nd Rule of Ethics
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Always do what is FINANCIALLY BEST
(Always make those financial decisions which will not harm your organization's stakeholders)
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Ethics must start with...
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Top Management
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3 reasons why Business Ethics must be leadership-driven and proactive
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1 Outside parties have a vested interest in the ethical performance of an organization
2 In the work environment, people can be placed in a situation where their personal values may clash with the ethical standards of the organization's operating culture
3 The value chain of an orga…
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Value Chain
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The key functional inputs that an organization provides in the transformation of raw materials into a delivered product or service
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Value-Added Tax
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A tax on each of the key functional inputs that an organization provides in the transformation of raw materials into a delivered product or service
A tax on the Value Chain
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The basic 7 ethical divisions that arise from "value-chain" considerations
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1 R & D Ethics
2 Production Ethics
3 Marketing Ethics
4 Human Resources Ethics
5 Financial/Accounting Ethics
6 Environmentalism
7 Product Accountability
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The key issue in R & D Ethics
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Has the product been fully tested for quality, safety, & reliability
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The key issue in Production Ethics
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Is the product being produced in a way that assures quality, safety, and reliability for all concerned
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The key issue in Marketing Ethics
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Is the product being packaged, placed, promoted, and priced (4 P's) in a way that assures all consumers are not misled
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The key issue in Human Resources Ethics
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Is there a proactive commitment to avoiding discrimination, whether intentional or unintentional?
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The key issues in Financial/Accounting Ethics (3)
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1 Hidden lending fees/exposure to higher hidden interest rates?
2 Creative bookkeeping techniques being used?
3 Conflicts of interest?
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The key issues in Environmentalism (3)
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1 Waste dumps
2 Manufacturing site clean-ups
3 Lawful harm to nature
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The key issues in Product Accountability (2)
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1 Detachable parts
2 Planned obsolescence
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The 3rd Rule of Business Ethics
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Always do what's RIGHT
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3 Psychological Stumbling Blocks to Responsible Decision-Making & Behavior:
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1 Cognitive Limitation
2 Acceptance Dependency
3 Conflicting Responsibilities
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Cognitive Limitation
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A tendency to consider only 2 clear paths, missing the fact that other alternatives may be possible
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Acceptance Dependency
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Tendency to bow to peer pressure, even when it goes against one's better judgment
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Conflicting Responsibilities
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One's duty to serve one's values holds the potential to do harm to the institution one serves
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Rule to Overcoming: Cognitive Limitation
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Before making any decision, take time to brainstorm one's possibilities for THREE or FOUR options
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Rule to Overcoming: Acceptance Dependency
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Always see your life & what it stands for as more important that the momentary whims of those around you
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Rule to Overcoming: Conflicting Responsibilities
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Before making any commitment to join an organization, make sure its stated values are in line with your own &, when need be, hold the organization to its stated values
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BCOR 370: Exam 1