WFSC 402: FINAL EXAM
74 Cards in this Set
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Fertility
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The percentage of eggs that are fertile
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Producers
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Organisms that have chlorophyll and photosynthesize
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Tolerance
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The capacity of an organism to withstand or adjust to any disturbed conditions in the environment
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Biodiversity
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variety of living organisms and the processes responsible for maintaining this variation
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Endemism
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distribution of a population or species which is confined to a relatively small area
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Polyandry
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A breeding population in which there are several males per female
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Heterotroph
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organism that consumes other organisms
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President Roosevelt
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Responsible for the establishment of the first bird sanctuary at Pelican Island in Florida in 1903
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Ecotone
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A transition between two ecosystems
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First law of thermodynamics
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general law of physics that states that Energy transfer is not 100% efficient when one organism eats another (man eating Trout)
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Succession
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The process of vegetative and ecological development whereby an area becomes successively occupied by different plant communities
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species richness
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The number of species
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Environmental Resistance
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All of the mortality factors impacting a population, including both abiotic and biotic or density independent and density dependent mortality factors
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John Audubon
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Who was the author of Birds of America
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Biome
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A complex of communities with a distinct type of vegetation
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Trophic Structure
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The organization of living organisms in an ecosystem into groups based on similarities in feeding relationships
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Community
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The living part of an ecosystem at any given time and place containing distinctive groups of plants and animals
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Secondary sex ratio
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the sex ratio at birth or at hatching is termed the...
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1865
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Massachusetts established the first fish and wildlife administrative commission in:
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abiotic
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are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment which affect ecosystems.
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biotic structure
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organization of living organisms in an ecosystem into groups based on similarities in feeding relationships
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Species
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a group of organisms which can successfully breed and produce reproductively viable offspring is the standard def. of?
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National Marine Fisheries
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The bureau of Commercial Fishereies was transfered to the Department of Commerce in 1970 under what is still today called the:
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Fungi
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Kingdoms made up of organisms that have no membrane-bound organelles but have a polysaccharide cell wall present
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Protostomate
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Organisms that retain the blastopore as a mouth in their development are termed:
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Commensalism
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In ecology, commensalism is a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is neutral.
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Harvestable Surplus
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The portion of a population that can be taken by humnas without affecting subsequent (future) populations' levels
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Food web
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a combination of pathways by which energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem is a
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Secondary Consumer
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An organism that eats the herbivore in an ecosystem is called the
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Ecosystem
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A network involving the interactions of living (animals,plants) and nonliving (air, soil, water) elements in a manner that sustains life and consists of several communities is a:
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Human dimension researchers
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Those scientist who study human attitudes, economic issues, or components of a fisheries or wildlife system are:
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Farm Species
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A non-migratory species that is generally compatible with livestock and are a suitable by-product of agriculture. Ex. Bobwhite quail
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Biodiversity
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the variety of living organisms and the processes responsible for maintaining heterogeneity and variation in populations of organisms is called:
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50,000
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How many edible plants are known on earth today
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4 Billion
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about how much money is spent by U.S. residents each year on trips to view wildlife:
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Gamma Diversity
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The total number of species observed in all habitats within a region is termed:
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3 basic Goals in Wildlife management
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make the population increase
make the population decrease
do nothing except monitor the population
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1,500,000
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About how many species of plants and animals have been described on earth?
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1973
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The endangered species act was first authorized in what year?
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Wildlife management
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Use of knowledge gained by science to achieve a desired end is the def. of what?
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Landscape variation
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diversity of communities across a larger area or region is called
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Reservoir host
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a host that maintains the infectious agent of disease in nature and can serve as a source of infection for humans/domestic animals
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Vector host
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any agent such as food, water, or arthropod that transmits a disease organism
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Enzootic
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the chronic level of disease frequency; that is , a low but constant occurrence of a disease in a population
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epizootic
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an outbreak of disease; large numbers of animals die in a short period
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Paratenic host
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a superfluous host that can be found in the life cycle of a parasite but within which no further development of the parasite takes place
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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The federal agency that takes the lead for the conservation of migratory birds, certain mammals, and sports fishes; manages refuges and hatcheries; coordinates endangered species programs, administers federal aid to states and negotiates international agreements
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Crustaceans
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Fish lice are in what group
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Magnuson act
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this act defined 8 regional fishery management councils for each marine fisheries, that are overseen by the secretary of commerce
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zoonosis
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A disease that humans may acquire from animals
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Dingle-Johnson Act
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this act provides new sources of money for state fisheries conservation and management programs; levies and excise tax on fishing rods, reels, lures, baits, and flies.
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Wallop-Breaux amendment of 1984
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amendment provided additional revenues to support fisheries in the U.S.A., and required that a portion of the monies generated be used for recreational boating programs; expanded the Dingell-Johnson excise tax to include all fishing equipment
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Rabies
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The presence of bullet-shaped viruses in brain tissue of a dog or raccoon would indicate that the animal had what disease
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CITES
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Primary goal is to control commerce in threatened species
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CITES apendix I
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appendix ?: those taxa which are strictly prohibited from international commerce because trade is considered a threat to continued survival
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CITES apendix II
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appendix ?: list those taxa which are not currently threatened but for which international trade could result in them becoming threatened if not carefully controlled
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CITES appendix III
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appendix ?: list those taxa which any member nation identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction for the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation
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Prion
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an infectious protein lacking nucleic acid that is the causative agent for Mad Cow Disease
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Intrinsic diseases
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a disease that is caused by things like genetic influences, like metabolic/nervous disorders are said to be
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Bubonic Plague
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what disease has 2 part safety pin appearance and is passed to humans by a flea
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Pittman-Robertson Act
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act requires an 11% excise tax on arms, primarily shotguns and rifles, pistols, bows, arrows and ammunition
providing sources of money for state wildlife, conservation and management programs largely through excise taxes on hunting gear.
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Acute Disease
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a form of disease that causes sickness for short periods of time and the illness is often not detected but death can occur in some cases
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Army Corps of Engineers
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major responsibility is dredging, stream stabilization and other developments of navigable rivers and coastal wetlands
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Article X
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states that the powers not delegated to the united states by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people
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Bureau of Land Management
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Federal agency that takes the lead in the management of lands in the public domain and supervises grazing, mining, recreation and timber on these lands
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National marine fisheries service
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the federal agency that is responsible for the management of living marine resources, as well as the management of offshore development
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sponge act
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the first federal act to regulate harvest of a fishery
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The Lacey Act
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what act established for the firest time the federal role in wildlife and fisheries management in 1900
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SIKES act
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this act directed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to cooperate with the department of defense in the management of wildlife and fish resources on a large military base.
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Natural Resource Conservation Service
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The federal agency that publishes soil surveys; provides data and technical assistance for soil and water conservation; funds small water shed projects; assists with habitat development in private lands; but has no research activities itself
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marine mammal protection act of 1972
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this act removed the states authority over the management of most marine mammals
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Statutory law
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laws enacted by the U.S. congress
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National Forest management Act
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Act that directed the forest service to maintain viable and well-distributed populations of native plant species in national forests
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Spencer Baird
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who was appointed in 1871 as the first commissioner of the U.S. Office of the Fish Commissioner?
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WFSC 402: FINAL EXAM