Front Back
Animals store energy in the form of
glycogen
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by what kind of bonds?
Hydrogen bonds
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
Nucleotides are linked by what kind of bond?
Phosphodiester bond
In nucleotides, the phosphate group is bonded to the
sugar
In nucleotides, the nitrogenous base is bonded to the
sugar
What forms the backbone of a nucleic acid?
sugar and phosphate
The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented _________ to each other.
antiparallel
Which level(s) of protein structure may be stabilized by covalent bonds?
Primary, tertiary and quaternary levels of protein structure
What is characteristic of unsaturated fats?
They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
What does cholesterol have in common with sex hormones?
Four linked rings
The sex hormones estradiol and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?
Lipids
Why does the body make cholesterol?
Cholesterol is the basis for many steroid molecules, including sex hormones.
A lysozyme is ______________
an enzyme that helps fight off infections by breaking down the tough bacterial cell wall.
What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?
It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.
Glycosidic linkages join simple sugars to form ______________
polysaccharides
Sucrose is formed when glucose is joined to fructose by a(n) _____.
Glycosidic linkage
What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
dehydration reactions
Starch and cellulose are both polymers of what?
glucose
Where are ribosomal subunits made?
nucleolus
What is the name given to the strands containing DNA (genes) along with associated protein?
chromatin
What is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus?
nuclear membrane
Which large organelle contains most of the genes that control the cell?
nucleus
The organelle that carries out cellular respiration
mitochondria
What small structures serve as the sites of protein synthesis?
ribosomes
Membranous tubules and sacs where secretory proteins and membranes are manufactured
rough ER
The portion of the endomembrane system important in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage
smooth ER
Organelle that modifies, stores, and repackages products of the ER, mostly for secretion
Golgi apparatus
Where would you find a stockpile of digestive enzymes, important in breaking down nutrients, destroying bacteria, recycling, and development?
lysosome
The rods that shape and support the cell, and serve as tracks along which other organelles can move
microtubules
Which cell components are identical in structure to basal bodies?
centrioles
Which organelle carries out diverse metabolic processes and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product, which it converts to water (H2O)?
peroxisome
What are thin, solid protein rods, especially numerous in muscle cells, involved in cell support and movement?
microfilaments
Cell junction that forms a barrier to the passage of materials; prevents fluids from moving between cells
tight junctions
What is the primary role of desmosomes (anchoring junctions)?
To bind animal cells together
Cell junction that aids in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells
gap (communicating) junction
The structural framework in a cell is called the
cytoskeleton
The endomembrane system includes:
the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.
Where are lipids made in the cell?
smooth ER
The structures that are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface
fimbriae
What one word best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
manufacturing
In facilitated diffusion, what is the role of the transport protein?
Transport proteins provide a hydrophilic route for the solute to cross the membrane
Why does the body make cholesterol?
Cholesterol is the precursor for many important molecules such as sex hormones.
Difference between channels and carrier proteins.
Channels:  -transport water or inorganic ions  Carrier proteins:  -transport smaller molecules such as sugars or amino acids
Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?
hydrogen bonds
Which RNA molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into proteins?
tRNA

Access the best Study Guides, Lecture Notes and Practice Exams

Login

Join to view and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?