ECOL 1000: Final Exam
36 Cards in this Set
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Endemic species
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Species that grow in one geographic area like an island or mountain top.
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Mean per capita ecological footprint in the United States
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24 acres
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Ecological footprint (Measures the amount of land needed to support yourself) of a population is best determined by
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the size and per capita use of resources.
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If everyone in the world used the same amount of resources as the US does
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4 more worlds to support
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Natural capital
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the range of natural resources provided by the world's ecosystems. They can be traded but that's not the definition.
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Biomimicry is
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the imitation of nature to produce some good of that function.
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Ecosystem services
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conditions and processes of natural ecosystems and species that provide some human value, like pollination.
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Externalities-
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other costs that aren't being accounted for. Ex. Gas costs 3.16 but more cost with pollution.
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Colony Collapse Disorder
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a decline in US honey production, projected losses in the production of ag crops, such as almonds, due to loss of pollination. Honeybees are leaving their hives and not returning.
NOT BECOMING MORE AGGRESSIVE AND ATTACKING BEE KEEPERS
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Bycatch
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non-target species that get captured and discarded, often after they are dead.
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Turtle Excluder Devices
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equipped to
allow the escape of turtles from shrimp and fishing trawlers.
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When quantifying the use value of a resource economists would consider each of the following:
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direct use- the value on the market, indirect use, option value-might have some undiscovered value.
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Bequest value
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future value for future generations
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mangrove system
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prevented widespread damage from a tsunami, could best be valued through
its indirect use.
Direct use of mangrove is timber
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Existence value
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the aesthetics
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Hydrological cycle-
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is the linkage of all marine and freshwater aquatic environments, and describes the process of water travel from atmosphere to the earth and back to the atmosphere.
Dam is one way you'd change this. Climate Change- the patterns of water change
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Lake Lanier
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created to provide drinking water for a growing Atlanta population.
Tri-State water wars- Alabama and Florida want the water too.
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Widely successful water conservation methods in the US include each of the following-
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using grey water for certain household uses, using more water-efficent appliances, using low flow shower heads.
NOT ALLOCATING 15 GALLONS PER DAY PER PERSON DURING DROUGHTS
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Healthy riparian areas are ecologically useful for each of the following:
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they slow the flow of water before it returns to streams, they allow time for water to seep back into the ground, they provide shade, thereby reducing water temperature
THEY DON'T GROW AT VERY HIGH RATES ALLOWING FOR DISTURBED AREAS TO REGEN.
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Dead Zone is an area in the Gulf of Mexico
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algae uses up all of the nutrients, the dead algae uses up all of the oxygen to decompose.
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Land used for industrialized agriculture faces each of the challenges
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increased soil loss due to tilling, decreased nutrient cycling, increased need for fertilizers NOT DECREASED NEED FOR PESTICIDES
The continued use of DDT as a chemical pesticide has become increasingly ineffective due in part to
genetic resistance of target organisms. DDT is accumul…
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Environmental bioaccumulation has resulted from
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the movement and increased concentration of DDT up the food chain.
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An important result of natural selection is
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the elimination of less suited individuals from the environment.
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It is estimated that in developed countries, food accounts for approximately how much of our ecological footprint-
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25%
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insects have the greatest number of species.
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Beetles are the biggest group of insects. 10,000s.
weevils
Species-level biodiversity tends to
increase as one moves towards the tropics.
Red Queen Hypothesis is used to explain
why plants continually evolve new chemical and physical defenses.
Of the water on earth, appr…
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Approximately 50% of the US population uses primarily groundwater for drinking water. Globally, water use per person is rising faster than population growth. Urbanization has resulted in more, rather than less, surface run-off of precipitation.
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WATER SOURCE FROM RIVERS ISN'T SUFFICIENT FOR GA POP
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Run-off of nitrates from ag fields into water resources has likely resulted in number of human health issues, including
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blue baby syndrome
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Many of the global biodiversity hotspots around the world
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are on islands because these populations are isolated.
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MacArthur-Wilson Equilibrium theory of island biogeography
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larger islands near the mainland have more species than smaller islands farther from the mainland.
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Chytridiomycosis
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fungal disease killing amphibians globally.
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Whitenose syndrome
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kills bats
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African Clawed frog is thought to be responsible
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spread of Bd fungus
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Carolina Parakeets
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extinct since 1913ish
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E.O. Wilson estimates that the current extinction rate
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approximately the 10000x the background rate
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Each of the following increases a species' risk of extinction
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endemic populations or a few local populations, species that migrate seasonally, large home ranges.
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Turtles lay lots of eggs
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yet few make it back
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ECOL 1000: Test 2