BICH 411: FINAL EXAM
49 Cards in this Set
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the 3 regulated rxns of glycolysis catalyzed by
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hexokinase/glucokinase; PFK-1; pyruvate kinase
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the rxn sequence for the pyruvate carboxy catalyzed rxn is
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attack of HCO3 on ATP; formation of carbonylphosphate; formation of N carbonyl biotin; liberation of Pi; C-3 carbanion
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if l els of ___ and/or___ are low, pyruvate is directed primarily into ___; but if they are high, pyruvate is converted into __ for gluconeo
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ATP; acetyl CoA; TCA cycle; oxaloacetate
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pyruvate carboxylase consumes a ___ to drive a carboxylation so that ___ could use the enrgy from decarboxylation to faciliate formation of PEP
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ATP; PEP carboxykinase
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which rxn represents the gluconeo alternative to the irreversible rxn of PFK-1 in glycolysis
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F16BP+H2O--> fructose-6-P +Pi
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The ER bound enzyme that hydrolyzes G6P so glucose in liver is
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G6Pase
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gluconeo isnt reversal of glycolysis since 2 pyruvate-->glucose requires the input of ___ equiv of ATP and ___equiv of GTP
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4; 2
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in the cori cycle the liver___ bc it has a typically high _____
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shares the load of exersining muscle; NAD+/NADH raito
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Cell levels of F-2,6BP are controlled by the tandem enzyme ___ and ____
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F26BPase; PFK-2
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all are true for alpha=amylase except
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catalyzes hydrolysis of alpha (1-->6) linkages in amylopectin
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Which of the following enzyme-catalyzed steps requires energy input for the synthesis of glycogen?
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UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
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physiological effects of insulin include all except
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stimulates F16BPase
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The many physiological changes elicited by epi and initiation of the adenylyl cyclase casecade invludes all but
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all are true
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the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase rxn is an ex of ___ and results in the prpoduction of ___
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ox-decarboxy; NADPH
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the transaldolase catalyzed activity is similar to what glycolytic enzyme
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aldolase
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when a cell w/ the PPP has need for more pentose phosphates, but no additional NADPH
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the non ox enzymes produce Pentose phosphates from F6P and G3P
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which enzyme would be inhibited by AMP?
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gglycogen synthase
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primary storage form of lipid is ___ and it is normally stored in the ___
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triacylglycerols; adipocytes
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FAs are mobilized form adipose cells in response to all hormones except
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insulin
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chlyomicrons
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transport dietary triacylglycerols thru the bloodstream
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____ carriers long chain fatty acyl groups across the __ membrane
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carnitine; inner mitochondrial
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the first 3 rxns of beta-ox of saturated FA are analogous to which seq of metabolic rxns?
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succinate-->fumerate-->malate-->oxaloacetate
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all are characteristics of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase except
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all are true
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enyyl-CoA hydratase belongs to what class of enzymes
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lyases
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the product of beta-ox , acetyl-CoA can be used for all except
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synthesis of glucose
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How many NAD+ are reduced in the beta-ox of stearoyl-CoA to form 9 molecules of acetly-CoA?
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8
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propionyl-CoA is a produce of beta-ox of ____ and is ultimately converted to the TCA cycle int
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odd-chain FAs; succinyl CoA
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During beta-ox of certain unsat FAs, cis-delta3-FA-CoAs are formed that must be converted to _____ by the enzyme
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trans-delta2; enoyl-CoA isomerase
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all are true for 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase except
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involved in sat FA catabolism
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What are the beta-ox products of oleic acid (18:1) and how many ATP equivs are required for activation
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9 acetyl CoA; 8NADH; 7 FADH2; 2 ATP
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ketone body carbons enter the major metabolic paths of the cells by conversion to
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acetyl-CoA
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which of the following is required by this 2,3-dienoyl-CoA reductase enzyme during the ox of polyunsat FAs?
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NADPH
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what type of linkage occurs betw ACP and the ints in FA biosynthesis
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thioester
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there is no transporter for acetyl-CoA to exit the mitochondria, so the C's must be converted to ____ for transport to the cytosol
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citrate
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the main sources of NADPH for FA biosynthesis is
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malic enzyme and PPP
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the committed step in FA biosynthesis, formation of malonyl-CoA, is catalyzed by
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acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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the coenzyme of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is/are
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biotin
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acyl carrier protein has the same ___ group as the business end of ___
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phosphopantetheine; CoA
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the foramtion of acetoacetyl-ACP is catazyed by
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beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KS)
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in the cycle of FA synthase I the correct sequence of enzyme-catalyzed rxns is
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MAT, KS, KR, DH, ER
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in eukaryotes phosphatidic acid is converted directly either to ___ or to ___ from which all other ___ are derived
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diacylglycerols; CDP-diacylglycerols; glycerophospholipids
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the carbons of sphinganine are derived from
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palmitate and serine
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a lipid that doesn't have a sphingosine backbone is
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phosphitidylinositol--3-P
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the committed step in cholesterol biosynthesis is catalyzed by
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HMG-CoA reductase
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Dietary lipids are packaged in the intestine into ___ for transport via the lymp system
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chylomicrons
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____ is an intermediate on the biosynthetic path from cholesterol to both male and female hormones
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progesterone
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which of the following molecules would have an inhibitory effect upon the overall process of FA synthesis
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palmitoyl CoA
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how many NADPH are required to make 1 molecule of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA
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14
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the role of citrate in FA synthesis makes it an important regulator of the process. Which of the following enzymes would be allosterically activated by citrate?
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acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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Gluconeogenesis - Flashcards