chapters 22, 23, 24 - Flashcards
30 Cards in this Set
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catastophism
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Cuvier
boundaries in fossil record are marked by catastrophies
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evolutionists in order
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LAMARCK
HUTTON
LYELL
MALTHUS
DARWIN
WALLACE
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what was the prevailing notion prior to the time of lyell and Darwin
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Earth is a few thousand years old, and population are unchanging
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which group is composed of individuals who maintained that species are fixed (unchanging)
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Aristotle
Linnaeus
Cuvier
Plato
are all non - evolutionists
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From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age?
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Charles Lyell
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natural selection characteristics
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*best adapted individuals tend to leave most offspring
*genetic variation exists w/in population
*populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support
*individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young
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to observe natural selection's effects on a population, which of these must true
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one must observe more than one generation of the population and population must contain genetic variation
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Thomas Malthus
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Populations tend to increase at a faster rate than their food supply normally allows
struggle for survival ; limited resources, overpopulation
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what is a statement that Darwin would have rejected?
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smallest entity that can evolve is an individual organism
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which definition of evolution would have been most foreign to Darwin during his lifetime?
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change in gene frequency in gene pools
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which of these is the smallest unit that natural selection can change?
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population's gene frequency
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cline
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change in phenotype over a geographical axis
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over time movement of people has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
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gene flow
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what is true of 2 very closely related species that have diverged from e/o quite recently
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they shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time
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what was the species concept most used by Linnaeus
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morphological
father of taxonomy
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biological species concept is inadequate for grouping
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asexual organisms
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difference b/w geographic isolation and habitat differentiation is
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relative locations of 2 populations as speciation occurs
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origin of new plant species by hybridization, coupled w/accidents during nuclear division
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sympatic speciation
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decent with modification
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unity (common origin of species)
diversity
adaptation
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Aristotle
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Scala Natural: ladder of nature
organisms are unchanging
Old Testament-Genesis-"Creation"
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Cuvier
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*father of paleontology
*catastraphism
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Hardy Weinberg Equlibrium
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*population in HWE = not evolving
*large population size
*no immigration or emigration
*no genetic mutations
*random mating
*no natural selection
*population that does not meet all requirements=undergoing EVOLUTION
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genetic drift
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*change in allelic frequencies due to chance
*magnified in small populations
*leads to loss of genetic variation
*bottleneck effect
*founder effect
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taxa model
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1. domain
2. kingdom
3. phylum
4. class
5. order
6. family
7. genus
8. species
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plesiomorphy
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shared homo characteristics with ancestors
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apomorphy
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unique characteristic that differs from ancestors
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autopomorphy
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derived characteristic that is uniqe to a taxon
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synapomorphy
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derived characteristic shared among a set of taxa
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3 Domains of life
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1. Archae
2. Bacteria
3. Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
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adaptive radiation
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emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor
usually follows emergence of new territories
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