EPSY 2130: Exam 2
43 Cards in this Set
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Traditional Philosophies
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1) Idealism
2) Realism
3) Pragmatism
4) Existentialism
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Educational Theories
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1)perennialism
2)essentialism
3)progressivism
4)reconstructionism
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Metaphysics
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the area of philosophy that examines issues of a speculative nature dealing with ultimate reality
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Epistemology
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the area of philosophy that examines knowing and theories of knowledge
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Deductive Logic
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the process of thinking by which consequences or applications are drawn out of general principles or assumptions; the process of thought in which conclusions follow from premises
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Inductive Logic
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the process of reasoning from particulars to generalities, from the parts to the whole, and from the individual to the general it is the basis of the scientific method
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Axiology
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the area of philosophy that examines value issues, especially in morality, ethics and aesthetics
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idealism
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all there is, is minds and ideas. nothing else matters
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realism
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the claim that there is an external world, and we can know things about it
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Johann Pestalozzi
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-believed that society, relationships and family played key roles in a child's education
-created classes where he mentored future teachers
-is a realist
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Johann Herbart
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-preparation: teachers encourage readiness in students to receive the new concept or material -presentation: teachers clearly identify and present the new concept
-association: new concept is compared and contrasted with ideas that students already know
-generalization: principle is f…
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Pragmatism
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-truth is relative and situational -truth is fleeting
-Instruction should be aimed toward problem solving
-knowledge should be directed towards solving problems
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John Dewey
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Considered the foremost leader of the pragmatists -strong proponent of the scientific method
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Existentialism
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-Begins with the state of existence -no interest una creator
-strong promotor if choice and independence
-you have and should have a great many choices in life
-creating self-concept through significant choices
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Perennialism
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-emphasizes high intelligence and lofty ideas-against cultural relativism
-emphasizes the study of the physical world through the senses
-emphasizes the study of classics
-encourages passing in time-honored concepts from one generation to another
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Cultural Relativism
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-taking consideration for cultural differences within the classroom
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Essentialism
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-emphasis on the basics (three rs)-emphasis on the physical world (how to survive)
-great emphasis on the teacher
-emphasizes passing on cultural heratge
-more value on present than past
-likes standardize testing
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Progressivism
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-emphasis on problem solving -focuses on the child rather than subject matter
-focuses on teaching kids to learn for the future
-no eternal truths
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Reconstructionism
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-emphasizes the use of knowledge to bring about social change -urgent need to preserve society
-encourages the study of cultures and society
-strong emphasis on the future rather than the past and present
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Functional theory
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Parts of society are related in an orderly, supportive and functional manner-the family supports school; the school prepares children for the job; the workforce create jobs
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Conflict theory
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Various parts of society tend to be in conflict with each other
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Family
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Revolution-lesser birth rate Nuclear-mother stays home father supports family
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single-parent households
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-one in four students comes from a single-parent family -almost 1/2of America's students entering school today will live in a single parent household before their 18th birthday
-most single parents are headed by a woman
-female headed households are twice as likely to be poor
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dysfunctional families
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Both parents in the family have problems and aren't able to properly care for children
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working mothers
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Steady increase of working mothers May lead to latch-key children
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latchkey children
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Kids that have to take care of themselves when they get home because everyone there to care for them is working
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poverty
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40% live in large cities 30% live in rural
Welfare serve only 30% of poor
Many of the people living in poverty have jobs
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child abuse
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2 million children suffer sbuse each year 1in 4 girls and 1 in 10 boys will be sexually abused before reaching their 18th birthday
Child abuse tends to be cyclical
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peer culture
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peers have strong influences on the choices and decisions of students
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Sexual abuse
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Has difficulty walking or sitting Suddenly refuses to change in gym
Reports nightmares or bed wetting
Experiences a sudden change in appetite
Reports sexual abuse by a parent or another adult caregiver
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Emotional abuse
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Shows extreme behaviors such as bring overly aggressive or passive Inappropriate behaviors such as frequent rocking or head banging
Has attempted suicide
Reports lack if attachment to the parent
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youth suicide
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-4,600 teenagers take their lives annually -suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth next to car accidents and homicide
Drastic change in appearance
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Juvenile crime
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21%of high schools 19% of middle schools and 4% of elementary schools experience at least one violent crime in the us yearly -most juvenile crime takes place in the hours immediately after school
-property crimes are three times more likely to occur at school than violent crime
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Teenage pregnancy
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-there are one million teenage mothers in America in any given year -women and children make up the majority of Americans living in poverty
-families headed by teenage mothers in americ are much more likely to be poor
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subject-centered curriculum
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Common core: goal is to expose the student to a core or sequence if related subjects Subject Area: each subject in the curriculum is treated as separate and distinct body of knowledge
Back to Basics: heavy emphasis placed on the three rs
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student-centered curriculum
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Activity Crntered: emphasis is in engaging students in purposeful activities Relevant Curriculum: instruction is provided to students in a familiar context
Humanistic Curriculum: students are encouraged to make their own decisions about learning
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William Kilpatrick
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-believed that teachers could not anticipate the interests and needs of children
-disliked the traditional school curriculum
-advocated purposeful activities as relevant and lifelike as possible
-socialization and the formation of stronger school-community ties
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formal content
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Aspects of the curriculum that are planned,observed, and evaluated and improved (lesson plans)
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hidden curriculum
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Concerned with those things that students learn in school but not necessarily in class - how students react with teachers and administrators
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curriculum challenges
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Group differences - parents and other peoples different expectations
Level differences
-viewed differently at the local state and national levels
College admissions
Textbooks
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Individualized instruction
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One teacher working with one student or one student working independently
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Mastery instruction
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Students expected to achieve proficiency at one particular learning task before moving to a New task
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cooperative learning
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Students work together in groups and share responsibility for each other's learningPositive independence- you personally care about everyone learning the material
Verbal fact to face interaction
Individual accountability
- all members have to realize they are accounts let for the in…
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EPSY 2130: CHAPTER 7