OCNG 251: EXAM 4
34 Cards in this Set
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Exam 3:
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The next 10 questions
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What is the difference between wind waves and swell?
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Wind waves are produced by wind and have a mist from them and swells are the waves that continue from the wind driven waves once it is no longer a factor
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How does the wavelength of a tsunami compare to the mean depth of the ocean?
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Tsunami wavelength can be 200 km long whereas the mean depth of the ocean is 4 km
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Distinguish 3 types of waves and how they are created
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Wind generated are from wind, tsunamis are from earthquakes, and tidal waves are from the gravitation force of the moon
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What is a typical feature along a depositional coast?
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Barrier Islands
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How does mixing effect the stratification in estuaries?
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A well mixed estuary will have little stratification and a poorly mixed estuary will have a large stratification, which limits oxygen from reaching the bottom
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Why is bolivar island more vulnerable to erosion than galveston?
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Galveston has a sea wall and bolivar doesn't
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Which 3 factors affect the height of a wind generated wave?
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Duration of wind, speed and fetch
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Why are there spring and neap tides?
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Besaed on where the moon is relative to the sun. If the 2 are lined up it is a spring tide. If they are not, it is a neap tide.
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Why are there semi diurnal tides?
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Because of excess gravitational pull from the moon, assuming it is directly over the equator
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What factors led to the drowning of the Mississippi river delta?
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Many wetlands have been destroyed, and oil, gas, water have been removed from under the surface, causing it to sink. Rising sea level as well.
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What are some different ways the ocean is polluted?
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By crude oil transportation,oil rigs breaking (Hurricanes), wars, natural seeps, transportation vessels that lose their cargo, dump sites, invasive species form ballast water, fertilizers, radiation from nuclear power plants,
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What % of oil in the ocean is naturally produced and what is the benefit of this?
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50%, and this means there is natural bacteria there to help break it down.
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What is the most problematic pollution in the ocean and why?
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Plastic because it is not biodegradable, it only breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces
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Why does the pollution center itself in the middle of a gyre?
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Eckman Transport
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How are invasive species introduced to new parts of the ocean?
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A ship will fill itself with water to balance and then travel to a different part where it unloads this water, along with the invasive species.
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What causes pollution to accumulate in higher numbers at higher latitudes?
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Stratification
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Why are fertilizers such a problem?
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They promote the growth of algae in the ocean, causing the organisms to die, which leads to decomposition, causing anoxic conditions.
SUMMARY: They cause oxygen to be taken out.
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What are the different classifications of marine life?
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Phytoplankton (producer)
zooplankton (Microscopic consumer)
plankton (Floater)
Nekton (Swimmers)
Benthos (Bottom dwellers)
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What are some Adaption Strategies?
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Jellyfish are made up of 95% water, streamlined bodies, diffusion through skin, using osmotic pressure,
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What are some hiding strategies?
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Transparency, camouflage, countershading,
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How do some fish avoid being prey?
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They stay in schools
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What are the characteristics of a marine fish? (hypotonic)
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Drink large amounts of water, secrete salt through special cells, small volume of highly concentrated urine
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What are the characteristics of a freshwater fish? (Hypertonic)
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Do not drink, cells absorb salt, large volume of dilute urine
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What is the purpose of gills and what do they do to the water?
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They extract dissolved oxygen and release CO2 into the water
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What do dinoflagellates create and what 2 problems does this cause? Also, when does this occur more and why?
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They create a red tide, and the 2 problems are anoxic conditions and toxins being released. This happens more in the summer due to a stable stratification and less winds.
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Algae beds and coral reefs have the highest what?
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Average and range of primary productivity.
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Primary Productivity is highest where and why?
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at the equator due to a divergent transport, creating up dwelling which brings nutrients from the bottom to the surface.
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How does the Biogeochemical cycle work?
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Producers produce food and oxygen through photosynthesis. They consume H2O, CO2, light and nutrients.
consumers produce heat, mechanical energy, CO2 and H2O through respiration. They consume food and O2.
Decomposers produce nutrients by breaking down organic compounds in dead remain…
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What is the contribution of Non-tropical shelves to the world fishery yield?
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35%
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What is the contribution of upwellings to the world fishery yield?
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20%
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What is the contribution of tropical shelves to the world fishery yield?
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21%
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What is the contribution of the open ocean to the world fishery yield?
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4%
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What is the problem with today's seafood market?
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We are overfishing
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Study Guide: Exam 4