Exam #1 - Flashcards
19 Cards in this Set
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Paleo-oceanography
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study of how ocean, atmosphere, land, interactions produce changes in ocean chemistry, circulation, biology, climate
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Lithogenous
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small particles eroded, carried to ocean by streams/river deposits,
wind, erosion, gravity, glaciers
greatest quantity around cont'l margins
neritic vs. pelagic
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Biogenous
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remains of hard parts (shells, bones, teeth) of once-living organisms
mainly algae & protozoans
macroscopic vs. microscopic
depends on: productivity, destruction, dilution
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Hydrogenous
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dissolved material in water
small portion of marine sediments
distributed in diverse environments
manganese nodules & evaporites
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Cosmogenous
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macroscopic meteor debris
overall insignificant portion of marine sediments
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Pelagic & Neritic Sediment Distribution
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Neritic sediments 1/4 of sea floor
Pelagic sediments 3/4 of sea floor
Controlled by:
proximity of sources of lithogenous sediments
productivity of microscopic marine organisms
depth of water
sea floor features
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Cont'l Drift Evidence
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fit of continents
matching rocks/mtns
glacial patterns
distribution of organisms
patterns of earthquakes
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Seafloor Spreading
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circular movement of rock material in the mantle
convection in the asthenosphere
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Bathymetry Techniques
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soundings
precision depth recorder (PDR)
echo soundings
sonar
satellites
seabeam
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Passive Cont'l Margin
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lack major tectonic activity (i.e. large earthquakes, eruptive volcanoes, mtn building)
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Active Cont'l Margin
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high degree of tectonic activity
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Continental Shelf
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generally flat zone extending from shore line
shallow
low relief
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Continental Slope
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where deep ocean basin begins
separates oceanic crust from thick cont'l crust
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Continental Rise
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transition zone b/t cont'l margin and deep ocean floor
huge pile of debris
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Submarine Canyon
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narrow but deep valleys
v-shaped
formed by erosive power of turbidity currents
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Deep-sea Fans
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create cont'l rise when they form at base of cont'l slope
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Ocean Trenches
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deep linear scars on ocean floor caused by 2 plates colliding along convergent plate margins
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Calcareous
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Calcium Carbonate
warm shallow areas
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Silica
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Siliceous
cold, nutrient rich waters
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Study Guide: Exam 4