52 Cards in this Set
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Supply Components
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1. Natural Resouces and Enviornment
2. Built Env
3. Operation Sector
4. Spirit of Hospitality and Cultural Resources
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Natural Resources and Environment
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-variety of components (ex. air, climate, flora)
-location (the closer the more demand)
-Quantity of use
-Quality of use
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Built Environment
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-Infrastructure (proper planning for now and in the future)
-Travel (roads, airports, walking paths, ports, gas stations)
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Operating Sector
(Components of Supply)
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~ Accommodations - quantity must match demand (hotels, motels, timeshares)
~ Food Service (managed service, commercial)
~ Transportation (auto, rail, air, motorcoach)
~ Recreation
~ Travel Service
~ Attractions, events and entertainment services
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Hospitality and Cultural Resources
(Components of Supply)
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~ "The finest physical facilities will be worthless if the tourist feels unwelcome"
~ An agency's/organization's strong commitment to their guests
~ Know what they want (shopping)
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What are some of SC's most important supply components?
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-Natural Resources (temperate climate, coast, lakes)
-Built Environment (Highway 95, 85, 77)
-Operating Sector (Carowinds, Riverbank zoo etc.)
-Hospitality and Cultural Resources (Southern Hospitality, Gullah culture)
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Matching Supply with demand Equation
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´Supply functions are always constrained by demand
´R = (T x P x L) ÷ (S x N)
´R = Rooms demand per night
´T = # of tourist
´P = % staying in a hotel
´L = average length of stay
´N = average # of persons per room
´S = # of days per year in business
(dependent on % occupancy -…
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4 P's of Marketing
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-product
-place
-price
-promotion
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Additional 3 p's of marketing
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-programming
-people
-partnership
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Steps Conducting Research
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1. Identify the problem
2. Conduct a Situational Analysis
3. Conduct an informal investigation
4. Develop a formal research design
5. Collect the data
6. Tabulate and analyze
7. Interpret
8. Write the report
9. Follow Up
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Quantitative Research
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- places heavy emphasis on using formal standard questions and predetermined response options in questionnaires or surveys administered to large numbers of responders
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Qualitative Research
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-relies on the collection of data in the form of text or images using open-ended questions, observation, or “found” data
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Research Methods
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- Focus groups
-Observational
-Experimental
-Survey
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Process of Tourism Policy
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1. Definitional Phase
2. Analytical Phase
3. Operational Phase
4. Implementation Phase
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Tourism Export
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-expenditures of a foreigner in a host country (ex. A russian spent money in the US. Export for the USA)
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Tourism Import
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-expenditures by a resident outside of his/her host country. (ex. A United States tourist spending money in Russia. (Import for the USA))
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Tourism Multiplier
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—The amount of new economic activity generated as basic income circulated through the economy
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Direct (tourism multiplier)
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Tourist spends money on hotel, food, etc. Hotel spends money on wages, supplies, etc. Staff buys food, gas, etc. Shopkeeper spends money for whatever they want.
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Tourist
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A person who visits for longer than 24hours a place other than where he or she permanently lives.and does so for the purpose of leisure
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Excursionist
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Spend less than 24 hours at a destination outside of their visitor
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infrastructure
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the basic, constructed services like water, gas, electric, sewage, drainage, roads, airports, cruise, bus and rail terminals
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superstructure
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government, family, religion, education, culture
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A trip in Canada:
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50 miles away from home
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A trip in Australia:
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40 km away from home and spending atleast one night
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Travel Distance United States
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50 miles
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Benefits and Cost of tourism
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Cost
-inflation
-seasonality
-littering
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Historical Tourism
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Romans
-built roads and bridges (50,000 miles)
Silk Road
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Thomas Cook?
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ather of travel, acted as an agent, all inclusive package
introduced-
Circular Tix, Cooks Coupons, Circular notes, Round the World Tour, Group Tours, All inclusive packages, tourism advertising, excursions
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First Scheduled Airline Service
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-DELAG
-Nov. 16th 1909
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Market segmentation
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The process of classifying people who form a given market into even smaller groups
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Marketing mix
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is a combination of marketing elements designed to meet the needs of a target market.
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Indirect Tourism Multiplier
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-Visitor Spending Circulates
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Induced Tourism Multiplier
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Induced Tourism Multiplier
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Multiplier Leakage
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if certain services cannot be purchased locally, then they must be purchased outside the urban area, and this multiplier leakage will reduce the growth stimulus w/in the urban area
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Appeal of the Cruise line industy
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-cheap alternative to flying
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ADR (Average Daily Rate)
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=(Total Room Revenue)/(Total Room Sold)
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Occupancy Rate
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total rooms sold/total rooms available
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RevPar (revenue per available room)
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(occupancy rate) x(ADR)
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timeshare
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either ownership or the right to occupy and use a vacation home for a specific period of time
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What has Diamond classification of hotels?
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AAA
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Offers 5 star award for American Hotels
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Forbes
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How are hotels classified in the United States?
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US has no formal classification but may be categorized by location, price, and services
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What are the top hotel chains?
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-Intercontinental Hotels Group
-Wyndam Hotel Group
-Marriot International
-Hilton Worldwide
-Accor Hospitality
-Choice International
-Best Western International
-Starwood Hotels & Resorts
-Carlson Hospitality Worldwide
-Hyatt Hotels Corp.
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Tour Wholesaler
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A company or individual who plans, prepares, markets, and administers travel packages, usually combining the services of several travel and tourism suppliers and carriers
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What States have Gambling? What States have Indian Gambling?
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~ Only Hawaii and Utah have no form of legalized gambling
~ 29 states have Indian gambling
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3 major goals in tourism
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1. maximize the psychological experience for tourists
2. maximize profits for businesses
3. maximize primary and secondary benefits for tourist destinations
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Who is the Typical Theme Park Customer?
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~ Typically a family
~ Includes children under 19
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What Era/Civilization Is Credited With the Beginning of Modern Travel and Why?
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Phoenicians -- sea travel for trade and carried first paying customers
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Government Agency that is In-Charge/Responsible for Tourism Policy Development in the U.S.? How is this Done?
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~ U.S. Travel Association
~ Promotes and facilitates increased travel to and within the U.S.
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Anthropography
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Study that describes mans geological distribution
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What was the Purpose for the First Seaside Resort in Britain?
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For their therapeutic value visited for reasons of health
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What is the Travel Promotion Act?
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~ March 4th, 2010
~ Established the Corporation of Travel Promotion
~ Additional funding to help easy travel to U.S.
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Hrtm 260: Notes