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Hrtm 260: Notes
Supply Components |
1. Natural Resouces and Enviornment
2. Built Env
3. Operation Sector
4. Spirit of Hospitality and Cultural Resources
|
Natural Resources and Environment |
-variety of components (ex. air, climate, flora)
-location (the closer the more demand)
-Quantity of use
-Quality of use |
Built Environment |
-Infrastructure (proper planning for now and in the future)
-Travel (roads, airports, walking paths, ports, gas stations) |
Operating Sector
(Components of Supply) |
~ Accommodations - quantity must match demand (hotels, motels, timeshares)
~ Food Service (managed service, commercial)
~ Transportation (auto, rail, air, motorcoach)
~ Recreation
~ Travel Service
~ Attractions, events and entertainment services |
Hospitality and Cultural Resources
(Components of Supply) |
~ "The finest physical facilities will be worthless if the tourist feels unwelcome"
~ An agency's/organization's strong commitment to their guests
~ Know what they want (shopping) |
What are some of SC's most important supply components? |
-Natural Resources (temperate climate, coast, lakes)
-Built Environment (Highway 95, 85, 77)
-Operating Sector (Carowinds, Riverbank zoo etc.)
-Hospitality and Cultural Resources (Southern Hospitality, Gullah culture) |
Matching Supply with demand Equation |
´Supply functions are always constrained by demand
´R = (T x P x L) ÷ (S x N)
´R = Rooms demand per night
´T = # of tourist
´P = % staying in a hotel
´L = average length of stay
´N = average # of persons per room
´S = # of days per year in business
(dependent on % occupancy - See page 278)
|
4 P's of Marketing |
-product
-place
-price
-promotion |
Additional 3 p's of marketing |
-programming
-people
-partnership |
Steps Conducting Research |
1. Identify the problem
2. Conduct a Situational Analysis
3. Conduct an informal investigation
4. Develop a formal research design
5. Collect the data
6. Tabulate and analyze
7. Interpret
8. Write the report
9. Follow Up |
Quantitative Research |
- places heavy emphasis on using formal standard questions and predetermined response options in questionnaires or surveys administered to large numbers of responders |
Qualitative Research |
-relies on the collection of data in the form of text or images using open-ended questions, observation, or “found” data |
Research Methods |
- Focus groups
-Observational
-Experimental
-Survey |
Process of Tourism Policy |
1. Definitional Phase
2. Analytical Phase
3. Operational Phase
4. Implementation Phase |
Tourism Export |
-expenditures of a foreigner in a host country (ex. A russian spent money in the US. Export for the USA) |
Tourism Import |
-expenditures by a resident outside of his/her host country. (ex. A United States tourist spending money in Russia. (Import for the USA)) |
Tourism Multiplier |
—The amount of new economic activity generated as basic income circulated through the economy
|
Direct (tourism multiplier) |
Tourist spends money on hotel, food, etc. Hotel spends money on wages, supplies, etc. Staff buys food, gas, etc. Shopkeeper spends money for whatever they want. |
Tourist |
A person who visits for longer than 24hours a place other than where he or she permanently lives.and does so for the purpose of leisure |
Excursionist |
Spend less than 24 hours at a destination outside of their visitor |
infrastructure |
the basic, constructed services like water, gas, electric, sewage, drainage, roads, airports, cruise, bus and rail terminals |
superstructure |
government, family, religion, education, culture |
A trip in Canada: |
50 miles away from home |
A trip in Australia: |
40 km away from home and spending atleast one night |
Travel Distance United States |
50 miles |
Benefits and Cost of tourism |
Cost
-inflation
-seasonality
-littering |
Historical Tourism |
Romans
-built roads and bridges (50,000 miles)
Silk Road
|
Thomas Cook? |
ather of travel, acted as an agent, all inclusive package
introduced-
Circular Tix, Cooks Coupons, Circular notes, Round the World Tour, Group Tours, All inclusive packages, tourism advertising, excursions |
First Scheduled Airline Service |
-DELAG
-Nov. 16th 1909 |
Market segmentation |
The process of classifying people who form a given market into even smaller groups |
Marketing mix |
is a combination of marketing elements designed to meet the needs of a target market. |
Indirect Tourism Multiplier |
-Visitor Spending Circulates |
Induced Tourism Multiplier |
Induced Tourism Multiplier |
Multiplier Leakage |
if certain services cannot be purchased locally, then they must be purchased outside the urban area, and this multiplier leakage will reduce the growth stimulus w/in the urban area |
Appeal of the Cruise line industy |
-cheap alternative to flying |
ADR (Average Daily Rate) |
=(Total Room Revenue)/(Total Room Sold) |
Occupancy Rate |
total rooms sold/total rooms available |
RevPar (revenue per available room) |
(occupancy rate) x(ADR) |
timeshare |
either ownership or the right to occupy and use a vacation home for a specific period of time |
What has Diamond classification of hotels? |
AAA |
Offers 5 star award for American Hotels |
Forbes |
How are hotels classified in the United States? |
US has no formal classification but may be categorized by location, price, and services |
What are the top hotel chains?
|
-Intercontinental Hotels Group
-Wyndam Hotel Group
-Marriot International
-Hilton Worldwide
-Accor Hospitality
-Choice International
-Best Western International
-Starwood Hotels & Resorts
-Carlson Hospitality Worldwide
-Hyatt Hotels Corp. |
Tour Wholesaler |
A company or individual who plans, prepares, markets, and administers travel packages, usually combining the services of several travel and tourism suppliers and carriers |
What States have Gambling? What States have Indian Gambling? |
~ Only Hawaii and Utah have no form of legalized gambling
~ 29 states have Indian gambling |
3 major goals in tourism |
1. maximize the psychological experience for tourists
2. maximize profits for businesses
3. maximize primary and secondary benefits for tourist destinations
|
Who is the Typical Theme Park Customer? |
~ Typically a family
~ Includes children under 19 |
What Era/Civilization Is Credited With the Beginning of Modern Travel and Why? |
Phoenicians -- sea travel for trade and carried first paying customers |
Government Agency that is In-Charge/Responsible for Tourism Policy Development in the U.S.? How is this Done? |
~ U.S. Travel Association
~ Promotes and facilitates increased travel to and within the U.S. |
Anthropography |
Study that describes mans geological distribution |
What was the Purpose for the First Seaside Resort in Britain? |
For their therapeutic value visited for reasons of health |
What is the Travel Promotion Act? |
~ March 4th, 2010
~ Established the Corporation of Travel Promotion
~ Additional funding to help easy travel to U.S. |