17 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Population
|
Group of individuals of the same species in the same place and time
|
|
Evolution
|
Change through time we measure this by measuring the changes in allele frequency over generations
|
|
Mutation/Gene Transfer
|
Randomly introduce new alleles into the gene pool
|
|
Fitness
|
Individuals ability to survive and reproduce given the pressures it is experiencing
|
|
Natural Selection
|
the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in response to these pressures. Leads to changes in allele frequencies over time.
|
|
Three examples of selection are:
|
Directional, Stabilizing, Diversifying
|
|
Genetic Drift:
|
Allele frequencies may RANDOMLY change between generations
|
|
Two examples of genetic drift:
|
Founder Effect and Bottleneck Effect
|
|
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
|
hypothetical scenario in which allele frequencies DO NOT change in a population between generations
|
|
5 rules that cannot be violated in order for allele frequencies to be found in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in a population:
|
1. no MUTATION
2. no SELECTION
3. large POPULATION
4. no GENE FLOW
5. RANDOM mating
|
|
Allopatry
|
Population seperation without gene flow due to geographic separation
|
|
Sympatry
|
Population separation without gene flow due to some barrier other than geographic separation.
|
|
Descent with modification
|
all living things are related and change from this common ancestor over time.
|
|
Adaptive Radiation
|
Organisms diversify rapidly
|
|
Punctuated Equilibrium
|
New species evolved rapidly over short periods of time
|
|
Taxonomy
|
Classification of organisms
|
|
Homology
|
similarities in protein sequences between organisms
|
Study Guide: Final Exam