FSHN 150: BIOLOGY BASICS - CHAPTER 1-5
35 Cards in this Set
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Population vs. Community
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Population- all individuals of a species living within bounds of a specific area
Community- entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem
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Themes of Biology
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Evolutionary adaption- living organisms show modification to survive
Order- parts in order, organized structure
Regulation- Homeostasis
Energy processing- take energy and covert and process
Growth and Development
Reproduction-new life/individuals
Response to environment
Open syste…
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Eukaryote
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A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes and have a true nucleus
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Prokaryote
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The prokaryotes are a group of organisms whose cells lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. Usually bacteria
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Taxonomic levels
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Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
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Three Domains of Life
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Bacteria
Archaea- live in extreme enviroments
Eukaryote- Protista, Plantae, fungi, aniamlia
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Natural Selection
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Individual variation-individauls in population of any species vary in many heritable traits, Struggle for existence- any population has potential to produce more offspring than environment can support
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What are two functional groups in every Amino Acid?
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Carboxyl (COOH) and Amino groups (NH2)
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what functional group stabilizes tertiary structure of proteins?
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In the tertiary structure the sulfhydrl group (SH) is important for disfulide bridges which fold the protein by coming together in covalent bonds between sulfur
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Covalent Bond
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A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of valence electrons between atoms.
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Ionic bond
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in ionic bonding two atoms have unequal electronegativity, the atoms with stronger electronegativity strips the electrons completely away fro partner
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Hydrogen Bonds
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A hydrogen bond is the electromagnetic attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine. Weak bond
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Polar Covalent
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One atom is bonded to one with more electronegativity and will not share equally
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Nonpolor Covalent
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When electrons share equally, equal electronegativity
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Atom Structure
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Atomic number- number of protons and electrons (top right)
Atomic Mass- Protons + Neutrons (bottom right)
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Valence Electrons
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In chemistry, valence electrons are the electrons of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms. Outer Most Orbital (total of 8)
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Properties of Water
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1. Cohesion and Adhesion
2. High specific Heat
3.Evaporative Cooling
4. High heat of fusion
5. Ice Floats
6. Universal Solvent
7. Surface tension
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Hydrophobic
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Non ionic and non polar substances which repel water
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Hydrophilic
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Ionic or polar substances that has affinity for water
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Ionic vs. non ionic
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Molarity
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Mole per Liter of Solution
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PH
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The measure of the hydrogen ion concentration on a scale of 1-14
Acidic- More H+ Ions(0-7), Proton donor
Basic- More OH- (7-14), Proton Accepter
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Buffer
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Chemical that makes big changes in PH by modifying the solution
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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Monomer vs. Polymer
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A monomer is the building block of a polymer or smaller molecules. A pollymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds.
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What are Monosaccharides
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Simplist carbs or simplest sugar such as glucose, fructose
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Discaccharide
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Double sugar- consisting of two monosaccharides
Glucose+ glucose= maltose, glucose+fructose=sucrose
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Polysaccharides
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macromolecules consisting of polymers with a few hundred to thousand monosaccarides
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Triaclyglycercol
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three fatty aciids linked to one glycerol molecule
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Phospholipids
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Only two fatty acid tails rather than three (make up membranes)
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Polypeptides
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Short polymers of amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds
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Dehydration Synthesis
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loss of a water molecule to form a covalent bond
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Hydrolysis
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THe opposite of dehydration the water moleule is reintroduce to split the monomers, enzymes do this for digestion
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Where do humans store carbohydrates
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In the form of glycogen in the liver and muscle cells
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what are storage polysaccharides
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Starch and Glycogen
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What is an example of a structural polysaccharide
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Cellulose- make up tough walls that enclose plant cells
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FSHN 150:Study Guide