Final Study Guide
109 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Ventral =
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Belly /
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Dorsal means
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Spine (fin)
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Caudal
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Back of head (occipital lobe_
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Rostral
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Rostral
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Lateral
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Outward
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Medial
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Mid
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What included in CNS
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cer(x2)
brainstem
spinal cord
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Pns =
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Somaticsomatic
visceral
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Somatic means
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Voluntary
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Visceral means
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Autonomic
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Ventral view of brain shows
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The underbelly of it.. where spine comes out
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Dorsal of brain
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Top..
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Dura mater is on
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Outside *hard mother
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Dura mater functions to
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Encase brain and spinal crod
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Dura mater is anchorex to
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Cranium (outside)
pia (inside)
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Pia mater functions to
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Connect tissue with capillaries to nourish
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Pia mater located
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On inside closest to brain
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Arachnoid is
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- richly vascularized
-holds CSF
- role in BBB
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Myelencephalon is
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Meduall oblongata
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Metencephalon is
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Cerebellum, pons
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Mesencephalon
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Tectum
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Mesencephalon is another meaning for
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Midbrain
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Myencepbhalon and myelencephalon combine to make the ___ structures
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Hindbrain
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What makes up the forebrain
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Telencephalon and diencephalon
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What structures in diencephalon?
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Thalamus and hypothalamus
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What structures in the telencephalon?
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Cerebral cortext, basal ganglia, etc
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Cerebral cortex is also
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Cerebellar cortex
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What comprises the "cortex"
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Cerebral cortex (neocortex, archicortex, paleocortex)
and
cerebellar cortex (cerebral cortext)
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Lobe is coprised of waht 3 parts
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Gyrus sulcus and fissure
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What is interchangable with deep sulcus
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Fissure
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The ridges are
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Gyri
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Grooves are
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Sulci
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What 3 sulcus dividing brain/
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CALCARINE - back
central tip middle
lateral sulcus
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Another name for bundle of fibers
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Fascicles
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Peduncles =
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Thick bundles of fibers that connect big parts of brain to other big parts of brain
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Penfield deiscovered the
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Motor homunculus
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Spiny cells are
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Excitatory
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Smooth cells are
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Inhibitory
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Spiny cells are also called
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Pyramidal cells
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Smooth cells also called
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Basket cells
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White matter =
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Axons
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Grey matter =
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Cell bodies
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Inside spinal cord is __ matter
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Grey
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What is central canal
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Central spinal cord structure holding CSF
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Sulculi are formed from
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Neurons
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Dorsal column does
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Fine touch
proprioception to brain
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There is a left and right mirrored version of each column
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In the spine
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Axial mucles
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Any muscle except ones on limbs
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Spine track:
fine touch,
proprioception
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Dorsal column
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Spine tract:
limb motor
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Lateral corticospinal
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What tract is inside ventral median fissure?
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Ventral corticospinal tract
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What does VCT do?
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Axial (non-limb) motor movements
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Spine tract: pain and temp sensation
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Lateral spinothalamic tract
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Anterior spinothalamic trac function
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Crude touhch
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Where is gray matter of spinal cord found?
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Inside called "horns"
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How many gray horns are there?
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3
dorsal, ventral, lateral
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Which horn synapses sensory to interneuron
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Dorsal
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Ventral gray horn function
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Somatic motorneuron bodies
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Lateral gray horns are present only
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At thoracic and lumbar regions
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Somatic neurons are called
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Motor neurons
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Synapse on
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Skeletal muscle
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Spinal nerves are a conjunction of
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Motor and sensory neurons
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Ventral holds
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Motor
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All sensory neuron cell bodies held in
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Ganglion is a name given when
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Cells are bundled OUTSIDE spinal region (or brain)
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Where do sensory sensory neurons and interneurons synapse?
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Dorsal grey horn
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Other for:
rostral
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Anterior
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Other for:
caudal
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Posterior
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Other for: dorsal
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Superficial
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Other for:
ventral
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Inferior
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Other for: ventral
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Inferior
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Cerebrocerebellum function
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Motor planning
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Spinocerebellum
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Motor execution
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Spinocerebellum connects
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Motor cortex (via nuclei
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Cerebrocerebellum
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Premotor cortex via (dendate)
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Contralateral means
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Opposite side
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Ipsilateral means
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Same side
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What descending tract for cerebellum outputs
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Spinocerebellum
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How is motor execution influenced
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Fastigial nucleus
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Vestibulocerebeullum impacts
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Motor adjustment, balance
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Where does vestibulocerebellum project?
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Vestibular nuclei
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3 layers of cerebellum
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Molecular, purkinje, granule
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ML PL and GL
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3 layers of cerebellum
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2 fibers in cerebellar circuits
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climbing
mossy
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Climbing fibers function
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Receive purkinjie input
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Mossy fibers function
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Input from cerebral cortex
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Climbing fibers fire a ___ spike
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Complex
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Mossy fibers come from
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Pontine nuclei
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Primary motor cortex is a map of the bodys
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Movements
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Same column cells influnence
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Common
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What are synergistic muscles
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Act together in a movement
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Same column (PMC)
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Synergistic movement
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How are muscles activated?
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By a colony (or several ) columns
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2 corticospinal neuron functions
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1. initiates movement
2. stretch reflex
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What determines magnitude and force of muscle?
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Rate of firing
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Small upper motor neuron lesion
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Loss of refined movement
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Extensive upper motor neuron lesion =
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Paralysis
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Hypo =
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Under
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Hypotonia =
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- low muscle tone
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Post central gyrus holds
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Somatosensory map
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Control of muscles comes from
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Primary motor area
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Where is primary motor area located?
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Pre central gyrus
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Primary sensory sent info is sent to
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Higher order sensory -> association -> pre-motor -> primary motor
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Kinesthesia
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Sense of limb movement
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Proprioception
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Sense of limb position
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What receptors signal the position and movement of your limb?
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Muscle spindles
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Muscle spindles are
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afferents for:
- position
-velocity
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What excels at force
|
Golgi tendon organs
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Effector
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Skeletal muscle etc
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Final Study Guide