33 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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Effective (Average) Mass
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((%)(isotopic mass)+(%)(isotopic mass))/(100)
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Nonmetals
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+upper right
+gain electrons when forming compounds
+for covalent bonds with each other
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Metaloids
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along zig-zag
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Ionic bonding
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+transfer of 1 or more electrons from one atom to another
+when in solution, ions separate (dissociate)
+usually metal and nonmetal
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Covalent bonding
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+electron pair sharing
+usually two nonmetals
+not conductive
+often do not dissociate in solution
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Conductivity depends on:
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1. Concentration of ions
2. Charge of ions (higher charge contributes more)
3. Ion mobility (harder to predict)
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Molarity
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M=(moles of solute)/(moles of solution)
+bottom is solution, NOT solvent
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Acid-base reactions
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H+ from an acid is transferred to a base
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Oxidation-reduction reactions
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electrons transferred from one reactant to another
(oxidation-loss of electrons, reduction-gain of electrons)
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Oxidizing agent
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agent that brings around reduction, it gets reduced
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Reducing agent
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it gets oxidized
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Displacement reaction
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one element displaces another from a compound
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Combination reaction
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two or more elements combine to form a compound
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Decomposition reaction
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compound breaks down into simpler substance
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Macroscopic description
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specify relationships between pressure, volume, temp, mass
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Microscopic description
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physical picture based on atoms and molecules
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Pressure
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Pressure=(force)/(area)
Units: N/m^2 or Pa
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1 atm
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760.00 torr
1.01*10^5 Pa
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Boyle's law
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PV=k=constant
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PV for one mole of gas at 0 degrees Celsius
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22.4 L atm
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Charles' Law
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V=bT
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Avogadro's Law
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At constant T and P… V=an
(a is a constant)
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Ideal gas law
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PV=nRT
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
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0ºC and 1 atm
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Dalton's law of partial pressures
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Ptotal = PA + PB + PC
Each gas acts as if it were alone in the container
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Average Kinetic Energy of one mole of an ideal gas
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KEavg = (3/2)RT
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maxwell-boltzman distribution curve
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particles in a gas at a particular temperature show a range of values of kinetic energy which is expressed by the curve
-area under curve= total number of particles
The bell shaped curve flattens and shifts to the right as the temperature increases indicating at higher temperat…
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Effusion
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escape through a pinhole
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Diffusion
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mixing of gases
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First law of thermodynamics
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delta E=q+w
(q=heat flow into system… into=pos, out of=neg)
(w=work done on system… on system=pos, by system=neg)
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State function
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doesn't matter how you get from products to reactants…. change is the same
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Enthalpy
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H=E+PV
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Hess's Law
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delta H for a reaction depends only on the particular reactants and products- NOT the path between them
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CHEM 1061: FINAL