35 Cards in this Set
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Power
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The ability to impose your will on other people even against their resistance.
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Prestige
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Attaches itself to statuses. How much do we look up to something. Similar to respect.
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Income
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Money that a person receives in the form of salaries, wages, capital gains, dividends and rent.
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Wealth
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The dollar value of all of your assets. Subtract from the dollar value of all your assets your debt and what is left is your net worth.
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Life chances
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Where you live, how much and what kind of food you eat, do you live in a nice house or a rundown shack, what kind of education do you get?
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Patterns of consumption
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Stuff we're able to buy. Nice/old car, designer/walmart clothes. People are largely evaluated in terms of stuff they own.
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Three most unequal developed nations
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Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US
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Human societies vary in:
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1. Degree that stratification is present
2. Degree of social mobility or ability to move upwards
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Consequences of US Income Inequality
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Increase in cost of living/housing
Increase in cost of social services
Decline in health of population/increase in cost of healthcare
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Consequences of US Income Inequality
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Increase in street crime
Alternative means of making money, drug dealing/enron
When others become far above others financially they feel above law
Increased disparity in schools
Increase in social distance between top & bottom population
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Voluntary social exclusion
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People begin to pull themselves away from the community and stop identifying with the group as a whole.
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Source of Behavior
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genotype X environment... Nature vs. nurture
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Behavior is a product of...
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Interaction of cultural variables and biological variables.
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Sex
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Anatomical differences between men and women.
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Gender
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Behavior, cognitive, and emotional differences between men and women.
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Gender roles & expectations
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We expect men and women to behave, think, feel and believe in certain ways. Human creation and change over time.
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Internalization
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Buy into a belief so much that we believe it is an appropriate way to behave or act.
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Dimensions of gender roles
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1. Behavioral: act
2. Cognitive: think
3. Emotion: feel
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Gender socialization
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Teaches people what they need to do in order to function in the private sphere. Also have public sphere, work, politics, school. Positions and statuses out home have high levels and low levels (CEOs, professors, janitors)
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Gender-typing
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The attributes ranked on how well they help or hinder us in the private spheres. Certain jobs are "women" jobs and others are "men" jobs.
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Glass Escalator
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Men being promoted disproportionately in their field.
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Globalization
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Moving across geographical boundaries and on global scales causes:
1. Makes areas from racially and ethnically diverse
2. Tighter borders, restrict immigration
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Ethnic groups
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Characteristics that we look at when we say individual X is a member of this particular group. Common cultural heritage with group. Members identify with those that share it.
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Endogamy
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Members of same ethnic group marrying within group.
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What is significant about ethnic groups?
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Sociologists care about the meaning people assign to the physical and cultural differences that characterize ethnic groups.
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Racial group
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Has all the characteristics of an ethnic group. Ethnicity: learned, race: inherited.
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Racialization
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Process through which popular scientific or legal understandings of race are used as the basis for categorizing people into one racial group or another.
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Racism
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A system of advantage based on race.
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Prejudice
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Component of racism. Negative attitudes held by members of one racial group for another.
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Stereotypes
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Very broad generalizations that are applied to all members of racial group.
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Scapegoating
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Blaming a group for a very complex situation that they have little or no responsibility for.
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Discrimination
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Behavioral component of racism. Behavior that excludes people from equal access to resources because of their group membership.
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Health Discrimination
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People of color tend to have more negative procedures done and fewer positive.
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Institutional discrimination
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Laws, policies, social norms that have the consequence of denying minority groups equal access to resources. Two sides of spectrum: indirect and direct institutional discrimination.
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Stratification
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Talking about unequal distribution of the good things in life. Whereby some people have more of the good things than others do.
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SOC 302: Exam 3