CC 301: Greek Civilization
51 Cards in this Set
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what is meant when speaking of Greece? what is true of the Greeks? why was there this lack of unity between the Greeks?
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1. not just Athens but Sparta Corinth argos, thebes the islands (although they never are unified or have political federation)
2. they considered themselves distinct and everyone else was simply barbarians who spoke like bar bar bar
3. geography, compartmentalization, regionalism (…
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what was another reason for lack of unity between the greeks? what ethos is ingrained in Greeks? how were these cultures passed down?
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1. travel/communication was very difficult, "quite a trip",
2. xenia- which means kindness to strangers (this is why the behavior of the suitors had to be tolerated in the odyssey)
3. largely orally, at this time not a culture survived by means of written language, most ppl were i…
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what were the 3 instances where the Greeks were unified? why did the Greeks choose to go to troy? what were the 2 separate expeditions in the Persian invasion?
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1. Troy 1200bc, Persian invasion (480-478), alexanders campaign (334-323)
2. in the pursuit of Helen who was kidnapped by paris
3. conquered area of asia minor (turkey), Persians tried to conquer Greece Greeks try to stop progress of Persian armies
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1. Troy 1200bc, Persian invasion (480-478), alexanders campaign (334-323)
2. in the pursuit of Helen who was kidnapped by paris
3. conquered area of asia minor (turkey), Persians tried to conquer Greece Greeks try to stop progress of Persian armies
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1. Troy 1200bc, Persian invasion (480-478), alexanders campaign (334-323)
2. in the pursuit of Helen who was kidnapped by paris
3. conquered area of asia minor (turkey), Persians tried to conquer Greece Greeks try to stop progress of Persian armies
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what would be an architectural example of this assimilation? art? what is the story of Io?
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1. columns: temple at Carnak, Egypt to Parthenon
2. Statues: Greek emulation of stiffness in Egyptian statue, evo of Greek statues show by inc movement
3. Zeus has infidelity with her, Hera turns her into a cow and Argus with a thousand eyes watches her, Io winds up in Egypt eventua…
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what are the literary sources during the pan hellinic time? why does this skew the image of that time? what was true of Greece at this time?
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1. elitist most likely since writing was an expensive hobby, and literacy is restricted to a small number of citizens
2. literacy is in the hands of those that can afford it, pictures of antiquity are elitist documents of common ppl not there
3. ultimately focused on aristocracy b…
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why is it their traditions/culture are largely oral? why is the elitist view difficult to correct? what are the modern approaches?
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1. documents on papyrus cannot be mass produced
2. arch evidence doesn't tell you everything right away, inscriptions (epigraphy), life of the aristocracy and neglect of the common man/woman
3. idealizing, idealization of buried cultures, Greek evoked a variety of reactions, dominan…
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why is it Greece was so thought of as innovative, what is lost? what else is true of Greeks?
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1. noble simplicity, quiet grandeur, good taste arose under the Greek sky, color is forgotten (incorrect assumption of monochromatic society)
2. they were romanticized as the creators of democracy this was largely only in Athens and very limited
3. tyranny, oligarchy, aristocracy, t…
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what is true of the political system at this time? what was the god Apollo known for? Dionysus?
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1. lots of diff ones, perhaps even more than one in each city, fallacy to think all Greece was a democracy
2. Aesthetics, music, calm demeanor
3. revelry, human nature, visceral, theater
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why would they follow Dionysus? how does the Greek architecture appear in America? how did the Greeks view themselves?
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1. the over civilization of colonies left many wanting to get back to their roots, rid themselves of social regulation
2. direct imitation of it post modern classicism eg. Disney headquarters, also the Lincoln memorial, Greece as basis for comparison for constitutional convention 1787
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what is true of this contest style culture? what were the ways of being born in this time? why was crete important?
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1. not always althletic, cultural arts competitions pervasive
2. either Greek or barbarian, Greeks were different from and superior to everyone
3. in the center of the medeteranean and largely the foundation of some Greek practices such as architecture etc.
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what was a way crete influenced Greece culturally? what is the myth of Deadalus and Icarus? Minotaur myth?
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1. by the myths that came over from Crete and were passed down in Greek heritage, meant to inculcate values, etiological myths
2. Dead fashioned wings to escape Crete and Icarus flew to close to the sun and drowned
3. half bull half man, king minos was supposed to sacrifice a bull …
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what happens to the minotaur? why is the bull ritual significant? how is it the myth of the labyrinth dev?
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1. Theseus kills it with the help of Ariadne (daughter of king minos), he promises to marry her but doesn't, she marries dionysus
2. could be representative with communication to the gods.
3. the palace at Knossos was so extensive it is likely that it could have been the center of …
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what ended up happening to Knossos? what is a polyglot? what is a thaloscracy?
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1. a volcanic implosion at Thera, and the myth of Atlantis began then.
2. a person who speaks or writes many diff languages
3. rule of man by the domain of the sea
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what were some ways their civ's were dev'd? some facts on Mycenaean's? who was Achilles?
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1. advanced plumbing w/ running water, linear A (Minoan) and linear B (Mycenae)
2. very war driven civ, they brought the horse and chariot to Greece, mainly thrived on tourism and agricultural society, their cities are usually fortified at a hill top. ex acropolis
3. important warri…
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what is a megaron? how was the citadel in nature? what is the tholos?
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1. the central room in the palace w/ a circular hearth, shown via the reconstruction of a citadel
2. defensive mentality, high walls around structure, people still came and went participating in trade, used cyclopean masonry to build something's
3. the beehive resembling tomb that …
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what are something's that wound up in museums and lead to how the Mycenae were perceived? how did the Minoans interaction influence the religion of Greeks? how was this civ socially organized?
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1. mask of Agamemnon, gold jewelry and headdress, how they took care of their aristocracy, because not everyone wore these opulent items
2. Olympian deities (Zeus, Hera, Apollo etc.) vs. chthonic/nature deities, and funerary customs shaft graves and tholoi (beehive tombs)
3. extrem…
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what is true of the arts/crafts of this time? what is the tone of the odyssey? when did the war on troy take place?
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1. frescoes depicted diff things between Minoan/Mycenae times Min: make images of deities, bulls, peaceful scenes Myc: centered on war, hunting, sea motifs, terra cotta ceramic pots and statues
2. it is more wanting to go home than continue fighting
3. around 1200BC
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what happened to the Mycenaean's after the war against troy ? what are the different layers of earth called? what occurs in the judgement of paris?
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1. may have worn themselves out, they destroyed troy and disappeared, the high lvls of destruction are baffling to archaeologists
2. strata, Troy VII looks like just a pile of rocks, 9 layers total at Troy
3. Paris chooses Aphrodite and receives the most beautiful woman on earth a…
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who are the parents of Achilles? what choice does he have to make? what is one way Achilles mother tried to stop him from going to troy?
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1. father is a king, mother is a minor deity Thetis, she dipped him into the river styx, she held him by the heel and thus his weak heel.
2. between a long normal life or a short and glorious life, Achilles wanted to be rembered as great
3. dressed him as a girl to hide on Skyros a…
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what does Agamemnon do? how long did it take to capture troy, how did they do it? what did Laocoon do?
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1. shoots the sacred house, his daughter Iphigenia is sacrificed, Goddess Artimeis saves her at the last min
2. took 10 yrs and was captured using the Trojan horse
3. told the Trojans not to touch the horse and when he said so, snakes came from the sea and strangled him and his kids
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what did heinrich schlieman do? what happened to troy after the war? what is homer famous for?
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1. excavated the present day site of troy busted thourgh a lot of layers, found charring, could have been from sack of troy or natural disasters
2. it was not eradicated it came back as a flourishing city
3. writing the Iliad and the odyssey from approx. 750-700BC, made from several…
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was it possible homers works were a living constitution? what is something that is argued about these works? what is the theme of the Iliad?
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1. yes, intent of the framers plays a role here, also no way to mass produce this document, todays copies are far from living document
2. the vast differnces are thought to be because they were written by diff authors
3. warrior culture/events of war/ diff ethos, not about the fall …
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how does Agamemnon disrespect Achilles? what then happens? when does Achilles rejoin the fight?
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1. he takes Briseus from Achilles (war prize/priestess) on the grounds that Achilles is agamemnons subordinate
2. Achilles leaves and Mycenaean's dominated by Trojans, Agamemnon repents and Achilles rejects his apologies.
3. he comes back and sweeps the Trojans when his lover patroc…
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how does the story end? who are some of the other characters? what are some of the themes of Iliad?
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1. with the 12 days of peace being in effect
2. patrocls- Achilles lover, Ajax, brawn of Greek force, Hector- prince of troy, Paris brother, Andromache/Priam- hectors parents/ queen/king of troy
3. peer approval honor culture, tangible rewards equivalent to honor, trash talk over sl…
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what is one common thing between Iliad/odyssey? what is true of the competitive vs. cooperation values? what were the tragedies in the Iliad?
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1 the trash talk, it is seen in the odyssey with the Cyclops
2. competition breeds success but heros owe service to greater community
3. Patroclus, hector , patroclus dying and hector being drug through the streets of troy, war/destruction foreshadowing the end
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what was the plot of the odyssey? where does he spend most of his time? how was odysseus portrayed in the odyssey?
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1. the war is over, trying to get home (ten years of wandering) adventures and fantasy
2. 7 yrs with calypso, and 1 yr with circe, he first appears in book 5 of the odyssey crying on the shore of an island
3. as human not war hero, but sensitive/emotional diff ethos, he has special …
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who is the mother of odysseus? what is the name of odysseus' dog? how did odysseus trick polyphemus?
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1. Antikleia, he sees here in the underworld and has died because of the loneliness that the leaving of odysseus has caused her.
2. argos, is depicted on the coin of Argos
3. by saying he was called nobody and when ppl came to ask him who was bothering he shouted nobody!!
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what are some other qualities of odysseus? why is his curiosity a bad thing? what happens in Dantes Ulysses?
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1. he is self possessed and intelligent, his most Iliadic moment is the slaying of the suitors
2. he stays to see the Cyclops out of curiosity has to resort to nobody ruse cuz he got them in trouble in the first place, ties himself to the mast to hear sirens songs, inquisitive to ext…
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why was Athena the patron god for odysseus? what is the short take on the gods? why is the human existence a lot better (supposedly)
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1. goddess of wisdom also war, allying odysseus w/ Athena indicative of dimension of the brain
2. anthropomorphic- human like, in the shape of man, gods look like ppl, only diff is that gods are immortal no other superiority, essentially immortal mortals
3. it richer than divine lif…
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what is an example of how gods are similar to ones conscious? what is another function of the gods? what is something the gods cannot do?
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1. Achilles was enraged but then Athena came down told him to consider his actions and restrain himself
2. they serve as functional purposes/mechanical props, literally pull heros out of battle whisk them away etc.
3. they cannot make you what you are, free will
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what is true of odysseus? who is circe? what does she do?
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1. most of his encounters are with women, they appreciate his company, he is diff than most men,
2. daughter of helios, sister or Aeetes, aunt of medea, daughter of sun god, Aeetes task aster of Jason, Medea witchcraft, not a very romantic relationship, she is automaton
3. transform…
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who is calypso? how does he leave her? who is nausicaa?
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1. much warmer, very sweet, really likes odysseus, wants him to marry her, meaninglessness of diving existence, odysseus is looking for more than she can provide
2. gods tell her to let him go, she wants to know what is wrong with me, he tactfully says it not you it is me and explains
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who is Penelope? what occurs when he finally comes home? how does dante portray odysseus?
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1. equal of odysseus, resourceful, tough, caring, intelligent, self possessed, sensitive, she shares a lot w/ odysseus this is why he wants to come back
2. Penelope acts as tho it is not him, asks nurse to move the bed, when he says thing about olive tree she knows its him for real
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what are the differences between hades/ inferno? how does Tennyson portray odysseus? how does Constantine cavafys say about the odyssey?
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1. hades: dead look like former selves, inf: look like flames, burning in punishment
2. no rest at ithica, onto new shores, more adventures, odysseus synonymous w/ expand your horizons
3. life is as the odyssey the journey is better than the destination, odyssey is a state of mind,…
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what was the significance of greek colonization (750-600BC)? what are the reprecussions of this on social eco, political life? how did the greek colonies survive?
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1. geographic/metnal expansion, horizons get wider people realize the world is not as small as previously thought
2. not militant more trade oriented, integrated marriage w/ the natives, Primogeniture (giving first born all land), inheritance problematic giving samller/smaller portions…
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why is miletus significant? what did thales/Xenophanes do? what are the characters of hellenocentrism?
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1. it is where the first city grid plan was put into place
2. they created the idea of the atom, that which cannot be divided further
3. organizational structure change, rise of the city state, including surrounding countryside,
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what was the hoplite? what was tyranny? what is the kouros?
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1. lines of warriors sometimes eight deep called hoplite due to their heavy shield which they used to knock opponents down
2. first tyran often champion of the people against ruling elite/aristocrats, tyranny got a bad name over time
3. a stiff posed form of sculpture, largely Egypt…
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what is kourio? what is true of the protogeometric vase painting? geometric?
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1. girls or guys with dresses on less rigidity in these images
2. no scenes w/ ppl on them
3. these were mostly containing shapes and patterns later examples did show ppl and possible rituals
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what is true of Orientalizing vase painting? what is paidea? what is agon?
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1. decorating element that came from the east, Protocorinthian Corinth is ahead of everyone else due to a tyrant, these tend to represent mythological scenes, largely for economic reasons
2. the idea of education for the youth, push them as hard as you can and make sure he gives somet…
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what are some facts about Sparta? what is true of early Sparta? what happened to Promethus?
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1. it is totalitarian state, menalaos lives there, it is in the peloponesse, they were sort of land locked and had no real sea ports
2. they gave gifts to the gods called votives and had much art and pottery suggesting trade
3. he gets his liver eaten everyday by the eagle then At…
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what changed the way of life for Spartans? how are Spartan males raised? what does Spartan poetry say?
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1. they tried to subjugate those around them and this caused them to adopt a military based regime to contain outburst from the areas around them they had conquered
2. elders determine if he will make it, then gets washed in wine, at seven he is to military school, at the right age he …
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how were the Spartans educated? who was Lycurgus? who are the ephors?
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1. agoge - dev efficient soldiers pushing them hard/stern and one sided, vs. paideia raising the children while ppl are young
2. the man who created the Spartan constitution, had 2 kings, the gerousia, body of elders 28 members over 60 serve as the executive council
3. are oversee…
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who are the helots? who are the perioikoi? who were the krypteia?
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1. these are ppl who were slaves that were captured by the Spartan from surrounding places, this is the group that gives Sparta so many problems
2. around the house (economy), free born ppl who are not Spartan citizens and do not have to be in the army, take care of business w/in the …
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what is true of Spartan women?
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1. patriotic and
holders of 40% of the land, when the husband dies in war the wife can continue the business and hold the land, it is a big place about, they are there to create more Spartan soldiers, if they want to get out of having kids they can do so, higher class women do not want t…
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what is probeluted? what happened during the first expedition of the Persians? who were the satraps?
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1. deliberating in advance (popular assembly)
2. datis and artaphenes at the battle of marathon, they did not conquer greeks, more to teach them a lesson, the greeks won and the marathon runner phidipedies announced the victory then died later
3. provincial govenors who are someti…
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what occurs at the second try by the Persians? Thermopylae? Pausanias at platea?
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1. Themistocles says they need to concentrate on naval power
2. Leonidas the battle here enrage them even more and they try take all of Greece,
3. he loses the battle and is impeached upon returning home, he then later kills himself
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what if the Persians had won the fight? scenario one? what is meant by draconian?
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1. Persepolis- the city of Persians they have a big hall this was used for ppl to bring them their tribute and such, great deal of uniformity as to how the ppl approach the Persian temple
2. they would have won and made Greece into a vassal state, Greeks do not like following orders
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what came of the reforms of solon 1? 2?
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1. he encouraged immigration as he wanted a inventive and creative business class, but they do not receive citizenship and cannot vote but contribute to the economics of the city.
2. every father has to teach his son a job, or business otherwise if not the child will not support you la…
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what were the classes that solon broke the aristocracy down to? what was the drawback of this form of gov?
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1.(timocracy) rule based on wealth;
Areopagus named after ares the council of the aristocracy, ecclesia (derivative: iglesia) this was group of males who came together to vote on things. , boulē an executive council that looks at things this council was composed of 100 members of each c…
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what was the battle of thermopylea?
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1. during the second phase of the Persian wars.
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CC 301: Greek Civilization