PSYC 301: FINAL EXAM
34 Cards in this Set
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How many scores fall within + or - one standard error of the mean % wise?
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68%
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Why is the numerator of the formula for standard deviation squared (x^2)
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-That is our degrees of freedom-The mean has to be positive and this will cancel out negativesAS
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A Cohen's d of .92 would tell you...
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That there is a large effect in the population
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Nominal Scale
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Numbers that are only identitiveThey are qualitative NOT quantitative
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Mean
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Point that equalizes and minimizes the dispersion to its left and right
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Population
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Complete set of individuals in a population
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Effect/N.V.
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The f-test is a ratio of...
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Homogeneity of Variance
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Variances of two samples being the same (or close to the same)
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Family Wise Error
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Maximum probability of at least one Type I Error in a family of tests
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Variance
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Standard Deviation squared
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Examples of Interval
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IQ ScoresScores on attitude tests
Fahrenheit/Celsius
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Type II Error
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Mistakenly overlooking an effect that really does exist (retained the null but you should NOT have)
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Example of Ratio
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AgeWeight
Kelvin
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Independent Variable
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("Cause") The variable you manipulate or are studying
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Null is True (Status Quo)
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(Correct Decision) Correctly identifying that an effect does NOT exist (reatined the null when should have)
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Null is False (Power)
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(Correct detection) Detect an effect that really exists (rejected the null when you should have)
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Grand Mean
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Average of averages (mean computed for all observations)
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Dependent Variable
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("Outcome") The variable that you are measuring - the data
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Type I Errors
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The Protected t and Bonferroni Correction protect against...
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Group Mean
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Average score for a particular group
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Variance
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Standard Deviation squared is...
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Examples of Nominal (or categorical)
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Colors (red/blue)Sex (female/male)
Religion
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What are the 3 principles of the Central Limit Theorem?
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1.) Mean (the mean of the sampling distribution will equal the mean of the population)2.) Standard Error (we can use the standard deviation of the sample (SDx) to estimate Standard Error)
3.) Shape (distribution becomes more Gaussian or "normal" with more N)
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Type I Error
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(False positive) Mistakenly think an effect exists when it does NOT (rejected the null but should NOT have)
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Mode
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Most common real score in the sample-not affected by extreme scores
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Examples of Ordinal
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Freshman/Sophomore/Junior/SeniorFirst/Second/Third
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For the Bonferroni Correction...
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Take the alpha level (0.05) and divide it by the number of tests to get the new alpha level
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Level
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Different amounts, degrees or states of a factor
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Ordinal
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Numbers that rank and that are unequally spaced
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F=
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MSb/MSw
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Sample
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A smaller collection of people used as a good approximation of everybody in a population
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Statistics
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Numerical values summarizing sample dataUsed to estimate parameter (Mu) values
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If the null hypothesis is true for ANOVA...
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MSb = MSw, F=1 or F~1 because only N.V. is at play, no effect
MSb < MSw, F<1 or F~1 because MSb is divided by MSw and your effect causes less effect than N.V.
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If the null hypothesis is false for ANOVA...
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MSb > MSw, F > 1 because the effect is larger than the N.V.
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PSYC 301: EXAM 2