FANR 3000: TEST 2
71 Cards in this Set
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increasing land conversion from rural to built up/developed areas
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urban sprawl
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People moving directly to rural areas instead of suburbans
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exurban sprawl
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Historically NR management has been divided into what two main research/management areas?
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Natural systems and Human systems
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Increasing support for natural and human systems to be a single, complex _____ called ______
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social, ecological system called Human Dimension
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Change in thought partly due to growing awareness that the natural environment has entered unprecedented change in it:
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biological, terrestrial, climate change, etc.
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Some influencing factors on human dimensions
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pollution, technological advances, overhunting, population growth, disease, etc
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In terms of natural resources and human dimensions, there is an increasing demand from the public to be____
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asserted in its rights to be informed and included in process of NR
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Define Human Dimensions
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the scientific investigation of the physical, biological, sociological, psychological, cultural, and economic aspects of natural resource utilization at the individual and community levels
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Three parts of the Human Dimensions approach
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1 - collect info that explains human thought.actions
2 - other considerations to help make decisions (biological, legal, political, etc)
3 - weigh all the information
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People are part of ____
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natural resources and ecosystems
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People's past, present, and future _____ have influenced and will continue to influence NR and ecosystems
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desires
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Management of NR must conider ____
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human well being (physical, emotional, mental, social)
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understand and intergrate ____ with NR into policy, programs and management
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culturally derived human demands on values and perceptions of and interactions
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Four basic factors for describing the place of humans in NR
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1) Demands
2) Values
3) Perceptions
4) Interactions
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Types of demands
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- Consumptive/ nonconsumptive
- on site/off site
- individual/ community
- contemporary/future
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Form basis of human thought, behaviors, and cultures
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values
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Basis for attitudes and or behaviors
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Perceptions
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different types of human interactions
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- on site impacts
- direct/indirect
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Describe the Human Dimensions model
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There are three intersecting circles: biological, human, and physical. If these circles are equal than the center is stable ecosystems
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Human and NR interactions are _____
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natural and dependent on one another
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Natural resources are _____ and ____ to manage because ___
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complex and difficult to manage because of us
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Character and complexity of ecosystems have _____ and ____ variation
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temporal and spacial
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______ is the key human role in ecosystem sustainability
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sound and responsible management
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historical overview of private land ownership
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- goes back to days of indians
- Europeans had idea of possession by discovery
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what percent of forested habitat in the southern US is privately owned
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90%
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Why are programs and such in Georgia difficult to come by
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70% of privately owned land is under 40 acres
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Why are there so many different owners in georgia
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1 guy sold to a bunch of others, then they sold to others and so on
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What matters to the private land owners?
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- land ethic
- taxes
- sustainability
- returns
- multiple uses
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Hot button issues with private land owners
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- private property rights
- triple bottom line: economic, biological, social
- unfunded mandates
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What is an unfunded mandate
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When the government says you have to do something and you have to pay for it. (Woodpeckers on land)
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To inform decisions in natural resources, managers consider:
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- human dimensions
- different tools
- managers background
- agency mandates
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Perceptions of crowding are influenced by ____
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number of contacts encountered not by pure numbers of people
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Number of acceptable contacts is arbitrary and based on:
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- individual's experience
- what they are looking for in the experience
- tolerance for contacts
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Define carrying capacity
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How much life a piece of land can support
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growth vs. sustainability
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...
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used to measure crowding
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circle between three things: environmental, social, and managerial
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Constraints, or barriers to participation in outdoor activities
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- race
- ethnicity
- rural vs. urban
- age
- income
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top reason for not participating in outdoor recreation
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not enough time
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As participation increases _____ also increases
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specialization
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As level of specialization increases:
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- support for rules and procedures increases
- resource dependence increases
- attachment to equipment
- centrality in ones life increases
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Substitution is associated with:
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Place attachment (bonding) and experience use history (EUH)
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As bonding and EUH increases, substitution _______
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decreases
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As use levels increase, satisfaction ____
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decreases
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People often displace:
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- avoid crowding
- replace by more tolerant user
- temporal/spacial
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Management frameworks (decision making tools)
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- Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP)
- Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
- Benefits-Based Management (BBM)
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What is the aim of decision making tools?
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to use natural/ social science to establish measurable management
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Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP)
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- developed by National Park Service
- develop public involvement strategy
- determine desired conditions
- analyze current resources and visitor use
- select indicators and standards
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Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)
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- Developed by US forest service
- develop opportunity classes
- select indicators for each class
- inventory resources
- Little/no visitor input
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Benefits Based Management (BBM)
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- more conceptual than VERP and LAC but harder to measure
- benefits include attainment of desired conditions, improvement of conditions, prevention of unwanted condition
- allows management to directly measure benefits, specify benefits they wish to provide, design facilities to delive…
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management decisions making are dependent on several factors:
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- crowding
- constraints
- specialization
- substitution
- displacement
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Traditional perspective of sustainable development
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- consumption/ depletion/ exploitaion
- promote immediate growth vs. long term sustainability
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Sustainability is a concept developed in economics from ______
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maximum sustained yield
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idea of "sustainable growth" is an oxymoron because:
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you cannot infinitely sustain growth; populations cannot always continue to grow
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what image helped fuel the sustainable development movement?
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in 1968 apollo 8 gave us the first picture of our planet from space
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3 waves of conservation
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1 - species driven
2 - habitat driven
3 - sustainable development; community and people come first
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Commission in 1987 that releases report title Our Common Future
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Brundtland Commission
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Define sustainable development
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"meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
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in 1992 earth summit in Rio de Janeiro developed blueprint for sustainable development called ____
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agenda 21
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What are the three spheres of the sustainable development framework
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- economic
- environmental
- social
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describe the economic sphere
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- continually produce goods and services
- manageable government and debt
- balance harvest, manufacturing, and sales
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describe the environmental sphere
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- stable resource base
- avoid over use and depletion
- maintain ecosystem function
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describe social sphere
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- distributional equity
- social equity
- accountability and participation in politics
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of the many sustainable development goals, what is the top priority
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Eradicate poverty and hunger
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Other goals of sustainable development
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education, health and disease, social equity, environmental sustainability, global partnerships
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Ecosystem services represent potential ____
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sustainability indicators
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What is an ecosystem service?
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benefits people obtain from ecosystems
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what are some examples of ecosystems services?
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undeveloped forest land in georgia which can provide clean water and climate regulation
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Draw the sustainable development framework
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Three circles: social, environment, and economic. In the middle is sustainable development. Between social and environment is Bearable, between social and economic is equitable, and between economic and environment is viable.
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What is Kenyan agriculture called
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pastoral agriculture
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For a population growth rate to be sustainable, it must be ____ percent
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at least 2%
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Why is New Zealand better?
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- equal rights
- social reform
- Free schooling since 1877
- more progressive
- All conservation is under DOC
- high minimum wage
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FANR 3000: TEST 2