PHYS 1501Q: FINAL
93 Cards in this Set
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kinematics
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study of motion without regard to its cause
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average speed
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distance divided by time
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displacement
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net change in position
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average velocity
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displacement divided by time
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instantaneous velocity
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velocity at a single instant
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instantaneous speed
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magnitude of instantaneous velocity
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acceleration
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change in velocity
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average acceleration
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change in velocity over change in time
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instantaneous acceleration
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`dv/dt
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vector
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mathematical quantity with magnitude and direction
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scalars
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mathematical quantity without direction
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vector addition
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tip to tail
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vector components
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vectors have a x and y component
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projectile
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object that is launched into air and then predominantly affected by gravity
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trajectory
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path of a projectile
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uniform circular motion
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the motion of an object describing a circular path at a constant speed
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radial acceleration
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what changes the direction to keep the object in motion
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tangential acceleration
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parallel component of acceleration
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radius of curvature
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radius of a curved path
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net force
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the sum of all the forces
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Newton's first law law of motion
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a body in uniform motion stays in uniform motion, and a body at rest remains at rest, unless acted on by a nonzero net force
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uniform motion
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unchanging motion
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newton's second law law of motion
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the rate at which a body's momentum is changing is equal to the net force acting on the body
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momentum
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product of mass and velocity
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inertia
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the natural resistance of changes in motion
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weight
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the force that gravity exerts on a body
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free fall
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object falling with only gravity acting on it
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newton's third law of motion
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if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on A
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normal force
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contact force that acts at right angles to surfaces
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hooke's law (ideal spring constant)
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F = -kx
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spring constant
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k, measures the stiffness of the spring
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centripetal force
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center seeker
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coefficient of static friction
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a quantity that depends on the two surfaces in contact
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kinetic friction
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the weaker force between surfaces in relative motion
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coefficient of kinetic friction
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force between the two surfaces is proportional to the normal force
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drag forces
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force that opposes movement through fluids or air
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terminal speed
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the point that the net force on the object is zero, and it falls with constant speed
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work
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energy put into moving an object
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joule
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unit of measurement for energy/work
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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work-energy theorem
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the change in kinetic energy is equal the net work done
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power
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the rate of doing work
measured in watts
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instantaneous power
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the average power over an interval of time
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conservation of energy
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returning of energy of a force applied
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potential energy
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stored work that can be released as kinetic energy
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conservative force
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force like gravity or a spring that gives back work done against it
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nonconservative force
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forces like friction that do not give back
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elastic potential energy
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energy that is stored from the stretching or compressing a spring
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mechanical energy
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the sum of the kinetic and potential energy
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law of conservation of energy
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the sum of the change in mechanical energy (change in KE + change in PE) is equal to nonconservative work which is equal to 0
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turning points
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points where the object moves between
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potential energy curve
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plot of potential energy vs. position
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potential energy barrier
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limit of potential energy
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potential well
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where energy is trapped between the turning points
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orbital motion
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occurs when gravity is the dominant force acting on a body
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circular orbit
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continuing forever unless a non gravitational force acts on it
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orbital period
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time it takes an object to complete one orbit
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perihelion
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...
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aphelion
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...
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escape speed
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an object with a certain speed that has enough energy to escape forever from the gravitating body
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gravitational field
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...
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center of mass
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average position of all mass of an object
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net external force
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the total force from the outside of a system
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conservation of linear momentum
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when the net external force on a system is zero and the total momentum of the system -- the vector sum of the individual momenta remains the same
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kinetic energy of the center of mass
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the kinetic energy of a particle of mass M moving at velocity V
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collision
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intense interaction between two objects
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impulse
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product of average force and time
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elastic collision
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collision that occurs and then the objects part in different directions
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totally inelastic collision
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collision where objects stick together
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impact parameter
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a measure of how much the collision differs from being head-on
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rigid body
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one whose parts remain in fixed positions relative to one another
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average angular velocity
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change in angular displacement over change in time
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instantaneous angular velocity
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dtheta/dt
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angular speed
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magnitude of angular velocity
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angular acceleration
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change in angular velocity over the change in time
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tangential acceleration
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dv/dt
directed parallel or antiparallel t their linear velocity
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radial acceleration
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points on a rotating object also have radial acceleration ever if there isn't angular acceleration
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torque
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the effectiveness of a force bringing about changes in rotational motion
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rotational inertia (moment of inertia)
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accounts for the objects mass and the distribution of the object's mass
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parallel access theorem
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allows one to calculate the rotational inertia through any parallel axis
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rotational kinetic energy
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sum of the kinetic energies of all its masses elements, taken with respect to the rotation axis
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right hand rule
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direction of rotational vectors
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angular momentum
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cross product of linear momentum at position vector with respect to some point
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static equilibrium
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the condition in which a structure or system experiences neither a net force or net torque
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equilibrium
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when the net external force and torque are both zero
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center of gravity
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point where forces of gravity seem to act
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equilibrium
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stable
unstable
neutrally stable
conditionally stable (metstable)
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oscillatory motion
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back and forth about the equilibrium
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amplitude
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the maximum displacement for equilibrium
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period
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the time it takes for the motion to repeat itself
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frequency
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number of oscillation cycles per unit time
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simple harmonic motion
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that type of motion that results from a restoring force proportional to displacement
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PHYS 1501Q: FINAL