37 Cards in this Set
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News: Little Caesar's Pizza
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video in class - Bacon Pizza; bacon = huge trend right now
- 450 cal/slice
- 23 fat grams/slice
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Organizational Culture
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system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members
also called corporate culture
(ex: Ikea, Google)
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4 Types of Organizational Culture
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1. Clan Culture
2. Adhocracy Culture
3. Market Culture
4. Hierarchy Culture
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4 Types of Organizational Culture - Clan Culture
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>internal focused
>values flexibility rather than stability
>encourages collaboration among employees
>Ex: Zappos shoes; Southwest Airlines
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4 Types of Organizational Culture - Adhocracy Culture
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>creates innovative products by being adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to the marketplace
>Ex: WL Gore, Google
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4 Types of Organizational Culture - Market Culture
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>focused on the external environment
>driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results
>Ex: Kia, financial firms
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4 Types of Organizational Culture - Hierarchy Culture
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>formalized structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness through a variety of control mechanisms; very regimented
>Ex: UPS, GM
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HP Way (Hewlett Packard)
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>trust and respect for individuals
>high level of achievement and contribution
>uncompromising integrity in business
>achieve common objectives through teamwork
>encourage flexibility and innovation
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3 Levels of Organizational Culture
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Level 1: Observable Artifacts
Level 2: Espoused Values
Level 3: Basic Assumptions
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3 Levels of Organizational Culture - Level 1: Observable Artifacts
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>physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths and stories about the company
>visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees ("employee of the month" parking spots)
(Ex: Univ. of Alabama --> Denny Chimes, coach statues, displaying Natl. Champ. trophies, many obser…
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3 Levels of Organizational Culture - Level 2: Espoused Values
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Espoused Values
- stated values and norms preferred by an organization
Enacted Values
- values and norms actually exhibited
- reinforce (Tylenol case - now there are "tamper-proof" packaging in bottles b/c of this scare; aluminum foil & cotton)
- or contradict (cover up on quality is…
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3 Levels of Organizational Culture - Level 3: Basic Assumptions
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> represent the core values of the organization's culture
> those taken for granted and highly resistant to change
> frequently hard to articulate
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4 ways Employees Learn Culture
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1. Symbol
2. Story
3. Hero
4. Rites & Rituals
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4 ways Employees Learn Culture - Symbol
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>an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others
(ex: Denny Chimes, script Alabama "A")
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4 ways Employees Learn Culture - Story
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>narrative based on true events, which is repeated - and sometimes embellished upon - to emphasize a particular value
>Class Ex: booking a motel late at night
>Class Ex: taking a tire in return when Nordstroms didn't sell tires
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4 ways Employees Learn Culture - Hero
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>person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization
>famous within company through a story
(Ex: Steve Jobs w/ Apple)
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4 ways Employees Learn Culture - Rites & Rituals
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>activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life
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The Process of Cultural Change (11 steps)
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(1) Formal statements (2) Slogans & sayings (3) Stories, legends, & myths (4) Leader reaction to crisis
5) Role modeling, training, & coaching
6) Physical design
7) Rewards, titles, promotions, & bonuses
8) Organizational goals & performance criteria
9) Measurable & controllable acti…
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Organization (& list 3 types)
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>a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people
>3 Types:
1) For-Profit
2) Nonprofit
3) Mutual-Benefit
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Common Elements of Organizations (7 elements)
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1. Common Purpose
2. Coordinated Effort
3. Division of Labor
4. Hierarchy of Authority
5. Span of Control
6. Authority, Responsibility, & Delegation
7. Centralization vs. Decentralization of Authority
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Common Elements of Organizations - Common Purpose
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unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being
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Common Elements of Organizations - Coordinated Effort
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the coordination of individual effort into group wide effort
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Common Elements of Organizations - Division of Labor
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arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people
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Common Elements of Organizations - Hierarchy of Authority
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control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time
>Unity of Command
ensures unity of effort for every objective under one responsible commander (or supervisor/manager)
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Common Elements of Organizations - Span of Control
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refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager
> narrow, wide
> growing wider since 1980s
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Common Elements of Organizations - Authority, Responsibility, & Delegation
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Authority - rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions and utilize resources
Accountability - managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them
Responsibility - obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you
Delegation - process of assig…
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Common Elements of Organizations - Centralization vs. Decentralization of Authority
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Centralized Authority - important decisions are made by higher-level managers
Decentralized Authority - important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers
Empowerment pushes decision making authority and responsibility down to lowest level possible
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures (7)
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1. Simple
2. Functional
3. Divisional
4. Matrix
5. Horizontal Design or Teams
6. Hollow
7. Modular
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Simple
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authority is centralized in a single person with few rules and low work specialization
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Functional
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people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups
(Ex: Head Coach ---> Offensive Coordinator & Defensive Coordinator)
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Divisional
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people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products, customers, or geographic regions
(Ex: National Division of College Football Teams - SEC, Big10, Pac12, ACC, etc.)
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Matrix
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an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures - vertical and horizontal
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Horizontal Design or Teams
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teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down internal boundaries
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Hollow
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the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster
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Basic Types of Organizational Structures - Modular
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firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors
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Mechanic vs. Organic Organizations - Mechanic
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>centralized hierarchy of authority
>many rules & procedures
>specialized tasks
>formalized communication
>few teams or task forces
>narrow span of control, taller structures
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Mechanic vs. Organic Organizations - Organic
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>decentralized hierarchy of authority
>few rules & procedures
>shared tasks
>informal communications
>many teams or task forces
>wider span of control, flatter structures
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MGT 300: EXAM 1