HIST 101: Chapter 13
18 Cards in this Set
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Council of the Indies
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Located at court, eventually in Madrid, which saw to all legal and administration issues pertaining to new possessions (territories).
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Prince Henry "the Navigator"
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1394-1433. Younger son of King John I. Led the Portuguese down the western coast of Africa. He was determined to reach the "River of Gold" in Africa. Legend that he founded a school for the study for geography and navigation at Sagres, on the southwestern coast of Portugal.
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Vasco de Gama
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1460-1524. Took over after Dias and made it to the west coast on India. This was a trading mission and a voyage of discovery. Collected a cargo of Indian spices.
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trading-post empire
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The Portuguese is Asia. An empire based on control of trade rather than on the colonization. This fit well with the Portuguese's crusading experience in North Africa and their desire to push back Muslim control. They created this because they faced problems as they attempted to compete in…
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Marco Polo
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Adventurer
.Went to Asia.
Served as a govenor official
.Born in 1224 in Venice.
Died in January 9, 1324.
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Juan Gines de Sepulveda
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16th century contemporary and rival of Bartolome de las Casas in the debate over the treatment of Indians in the Americas. He was a student of the Aristotle train and never actually visitedthe new world as las Casas had done, he was a staunch defender of the Spanish Empire and believed th…
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Aztecs
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15th. One of the greatest powers in the Amerindian world, located in central and coastal Mexico. They conquered and united many Nahuatl-speaking groups living in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec capital rose out of the water of Lake Texoco. population of about 1 million. They believed the …
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Christopher Columbus
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An Italian explorer in the late 15th century who initiated the Spanish colonization of the Americas ( claimed he found america ). Thought he landed in India.
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encomeinda
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Under the "Colonial Economy." A grant that was offered to a colonist of a certain number of people or tribes who were required to work under his direction. The Spanish government expected the encomendero would be a protector of the conquered peoples, and would Christianize and civilize th…
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Hernán Cortés
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1485-1546 (15th-16th). The conquistador who conquered the Aztec in hopes of finding gold that would bring him the wealth he sought when leaving Extremadura. He also married Malintzín.
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Doña Marina
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Under "The Conquest of Mexico." A Christian woman in the 16th century who aided Cortés. Her really name is Malintzin. She was his interpreter and mistress. She was born a noble aztec but sold by her parents to the Maya. She was the one person who could mediate between the Spaniard and the…
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Francisco Pizarro
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Spanish conquistador who after Cortes adventures conquered and destroyed Incan Empire of South America. Held Incan emperor ransom, and gave him silver and gold .
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Bartolomé de Las Casas
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"The Debate over Indian Rights" (1474-1566) 15th-16th. The most eloquent defender of Indian rights, a former encomendero who became a Dominican missionary and eventually bishop of Chiapas in souther Mexico.
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The Columbian Exchange
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trade of:
crops
livestock
disease
people
technology
ideas
between Europe and the Americas in the 16th century
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Explorer in the 16th century. From a noble family and renounced citizenship to become a Spaniard. Ended up sailing to the tip of Africa and called it Tierra de Fuego. Stopped at the Philippines and got attacked and killed there. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world.
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Inca
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The other great Amerindian empire of the 15th century in the mountains of Peru. Formed armies & expanded their control beyond the central highlands of Peru. Were tolerant of local traditions and language as they expanded. Perfected systems of irrigation & bridge building. Population of 10…
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Mappa Mundi & portolan
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Mappa Mundi- cloth of the worlds largest intact medieval wall map, summarized current knowledge. Jerusalem was always in the center.
Portolan- practical and sailors valued it because of its accurate outline of coasts complete with sailing instructions and reasonable portrayals of ports…
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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15th century (1494). Spain and Portugal agreed that the line of demarcation between their two areas should be drawn 1480 miles west of the Azores. The treaty was signed 6 years before Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered the coast of Brazil. Thus, the Spanish unwittingly granted the Portuguese…
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HIST 101: Exam 1