54 Cards in this Set
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isostasy
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refers to the vertical movement of Earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment.
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endogenic
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metamorphic and igneous rocks are more a product of the __________ system
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collision zones between plates
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Convergent plate boundaries are characteristic of
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n o
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are we above sea level (Earth wise) currently?
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terrane
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displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust.
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larger than
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warping produces bends in rocks that are __________ those produced by folding.
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false
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Oil and gas tend to concentrate in the low areas of a fold; i.e., near the bottom of a syncline, true or false?
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Appalachians
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which are older, Rockies or appalachians?
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felsic
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composite volcanoes are composed of ____ magma
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low
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if earth did not experience endogenic processes, the relief would be
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batholith formation
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what is not exogenic in nature?
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rock type
climate
vegetation
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the rate at which rocks weather depends upon...
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pressure-release jointing
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what weathering process does not involve water?
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carbonation and solution
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Karst topography is formed primarily by
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True
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Karst topography and limestone regions occur on every continent on Earth, T or F?
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Gulf/Atlantic drainage
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The greatest flow from rivers east of the continental divide in the Rockies is into the
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alluvium
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a floodplain is composed of...
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sheet flow
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Stream transport involves all of the following EXCEPT
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generally is of higher velocity, although it is masked by reduced turbulence.
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The downstream portion of a river...
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aggradation; erosion
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The construction of a dam across a river is likely to cause __________ upstream and __________ downstream.
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exotic
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the CO river is a ____ stream
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fluid
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For purposes of discussing eolian processes, the wind acts like a
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1m
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Abrasion is usually confined to a zone which extends up to __________ above the ground.
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fine-grained clays and silts
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loess deposits are formed of
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southwest
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In which region of the United States are eolian processes most effective?
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rugged and hard-edged; lack of chemical weathering
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Desert landscapes tend to be __________ in appearance because of the __________.
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the ridges and valleys are a product of folding
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding the Basin and Range Province?
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The river system is about 13.6 million acre-feet in deficit from meeting ideal annual budgets based on average flows from 1990 to 2006.
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Colorado River discharges and annual budgets?
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alpine glacier
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a valley glacier is a form of..
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cols and horns
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erosional landforms created by alpine glaciation?
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increases
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Erosion by alpine glaciers __________ the ruggedness of the landscape.
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glacial drift
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general term for all glacial deposits is
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lateral moraine
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NOT a depositional feature formed by, or in association with, a continental glacier?
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erratics
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rocks that are not native to an area.
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continental glaciers that deposited ice in till plains.
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Minnesota is described as "the Land of Ten Thousand Lakes." These lakes were created by
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downstream
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drumlin ends point
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true
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The Holocene epoch – in which we live – is probably an interglacial within an ice age period, true or false?
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gelifluction
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Solifluction includes which of the following?
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buildings placed directly on frozen, hard surfaces
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NOT an adaptation to living in periglacial regions?
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90,000; 10,000
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Glaciation can take about __________ years, whereas deglaciation requires about __________ years
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continental glaciers that carved deep into pre-existing river valleys, creating troughs, which filled with water.
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The Great Lakes of North America were created by
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between 5 and 9 C° (9 - 22 F°) colder than today.
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18,000 years ago, average temperatures were
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an upper level that is not continuous, with tall trees rising above a more solid middle canopy
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the canopy of the rainforest includes..
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the ITCZ is overhead; the subtropical high is overhead
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The tropical seasonal forest and scrub biome experiences a wet season when __________ and a dry season when __________.
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better; they have more humus and they are more drained.
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Compared to rain forest soils, the tropical savanna soils are __________ for agriculture because __________.
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midlatitude broadleaf and mixed forest
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Longleaf, shortleaf, pitch, loblolly, red pines, and eastern hemlock are characteristic of which biome in North America?
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northern needleleaf forest
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The names taiga and boreal forest apply to the biome designated
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They are basic; i.e., they have a high pH.
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Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the soils in the northern needleleaf biome?
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temperate rain forest
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the tallest trees in the world are found in the __________ biome.
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poleward; dry
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The Mediterranean shrubland biome occurs_____of the subtropical high pressure cells and is ____ when this pressure system shifts over the area.
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ephemerals
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Desert plants that wait years for a rainfall event to provide moisture for germination of their seeds are specifically called
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their location within the subtropical high pressure zone.
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Earth's warm deserts develop primarily in response to
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of its interior position within the continent and of its location on the lee side of mountain ranges.
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The Great Basin of the United States is arid because
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short because of the short growing season.
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Plants in the tundra are
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GEOG 1114: MIDTERM