CHEM 130: Exam 1
37 Cards in this Set
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Scientific Law
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Statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones
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Scientific Theory
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Model for the way nature is; tries to explain "why" rather than just "what"
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Pure Substance
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Elements and compounds; made up of only one component and is composition doesn't change from one sample to another; ex. water
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Mixture
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Heterogenous or homogenous; Composed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from sample to sample; ex. sweetened tea
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Element
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Ex. Oxygen, Hydrogen, Etc
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Compound
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Ex. Water
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Heterogeneous
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Composition varies from region to region of the mixture; ex. wet sand
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Homogenous
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Composition of entire mixture is the same; ex. sweet tea; alcohol and water; an alloy of two metals
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Physical Property
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Property that a substance displays without changing its composition; Ex. Odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density
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Chemical Property
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Property that a substance displays by changing its composition; Ex. corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity, etc
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Diatomic Elements
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Br I N Cl H O F
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Prefixes
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K 10³ kilo
H 10² hecto
D 10¹ deca
unit
d 10⁻¹ deci
c 10⁻² centi
m 10⁻³ milli
M 10⁻⁶ micro
n 10⁻⁹ nano
p 10⁻¹² pica
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Density=
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Mass/Volume
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Fahrenheit to Celsius
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X °F=(9/5)+32
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Which scientist discovered the neutron?
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James Chadwick
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Which scientist discovered the proton?
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Ernest Rutherford
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Which scientist discovered the nucleus?
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Ernest Rutherford
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Which scientist discovered the electron?
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J.J. Thomas
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Thought the best way to learn about reality was through reason not the senses
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Plato
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Which scientist proposed the atomic theory?
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John Dalton
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What is an ionic bond?
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A bond between an anion and a cation
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What is a molecular bond?
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A bond between two non metals
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Who is element 96 named after?
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Marie Curie
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Ammonium Ion
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CH₄⁺
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Acetate Ion
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C₂H₃O₂⁻
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Cyanide Ion
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CN⁻
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Hydroxide Ion
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OH⁻
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Nitrate Ion
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NO₃⁻
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Chlorate Ion
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CO₃⁻
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Sulfate Ion SO42-
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SO₄²⁻
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Carbonate Ion
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CO₃²⁻
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Phosphate Ion
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PO₄³⁻
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Patterns
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The "ates" ate one more oxygen. Ie. The "ites" have one less but keep the same charge.
"Hypo" has even one fewer oxygen.
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Adding/Subtracting Significant Figures
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The results have the same number of decimal places as the quantity with the fewest decimal places.
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Multiplying/Dividing Significant Figures
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Results have same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures
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Percent Composition
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[n × (atomic mass of element) ÷ (molecular mass of compound)] × 100%
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Alloy
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A metal made by combining two or more metallic elements
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CHEM 130: Exam 1