23 Cards in this Set
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Peace of Augsburg
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Occurs in 1555 between Charles V and Lutheran princes.
- Decides that princes will choose religion,
- Does not translate to religious tolerance
- Marks the permanent division of Christiandom
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The Reconquest
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The Spanish conquering the Muslims, Moors through very violent battles in order to impose Catholicism on them
- Finished in 1492
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Justification by Faith
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The basis of all of Luther's principles stating that salvation comes by faith in God alone
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Louis XIV
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- The most famous of all Bourbon kings
- Responsible for bringing together absolutism themes by building Versailles, his war mongrel composure and exercising the right to force religion
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Henry VIII
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English King that needed a son to carry on the throne but failed to conceive one with Catherine of Aragon
- Wants to get an annulment but pope refuses in which Henry responded by starting the Church of England making the king also head of church
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Enclosure
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First practiced in England following open field farming, farmers decided to consolidate their holdings and close it off literally.
- Gave them opportunity to experiment
- Land is now bought and sold
- Bring the need for self reliance
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Charles V (I)
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- The king of Spain using his rule to strengthen the government in all of his territories
- Did nothing to unify his kingdom making his territories very independent
- Fought numerous religious wars draining the treasury and causing him to step down in 1556 and divides holdings into 2
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Iconoclasm
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The destruction of images out of religious zeal
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Heliocentrism
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Copernicus strengthened theory that the planets and earth revolve around a stationary sun
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Edict of Worms
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Proclaimed by Charles in response to Luther's refusal to renounce his works
- It made Luther an outlaw and banned all of his works
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Ignatius of Loyola
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- Founded the society of the Jesuits
- Completely dedicated and loyal to the Catholic Church
- Made them the missionaries of the world
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The Great Schism
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-Occurred between 1378-1418
- There were 2 popes (one in Rome and the other in Avignon)
- Legitimacy was devistated
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The Military Revolution
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- Begin to invent infantry
- Mobile artillery
- Establishment of permanent standing army
- Chivalry is no more
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Predestination
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- Eternal fate was already decided for you by God even before birth
- This was the key to Calvinism
- Consumed individuals to try to find evidence that they were chosen
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Deism
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The scientific and mathematical view of God
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Versailles
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-Built by Louis XIV and was the most magnificent palace ever
- It was a monument to his power and became model for every absolutist in Europe
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Principia Mathematica
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- Written by Isaac Newton in 1687
- Mathematical principles of natural philosophy
- Foundation of the modern world view
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Council of Trent
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- The institutional response to the church
- They pursued internal reform of the church to make it more strict
- Do their office jobs and own a single one
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Empericism
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- Founded by Francis Bacon from England
- A philosophy of science rejecting speculation using the senses to observe the world and analyzing those observations
- Basis for scientific method
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Proto-industrialization
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- Starts in the late 1500s
- Merchants began to organize industry in the countryside, first large manufacturing industry forms
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Encyclopedia
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- Created by Denis Diderot to make the world a more educated place in 1751
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Philosophes
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-The thinkers and writers of the period passionate to bring light and progress to the world.
- Not scholars but rather popularizers
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Civil society
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- The middle class with people with some economic independence
- Had leisure time which led to the pursuit of education
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HIS 102: EXAM 1