PSYC 362: Chapter 1
39 Cards in this Set
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animism
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belief that natural phenomena caused by spirits
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consciousness
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aware of; can tell others about thoughts, perceptions, memories and feelings
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cerebral hemisphere
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two symmetrical halves of the brain; enabled by corpus callosum
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split brain procedure
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done on patients with severe epilepsy; cut corpus callosum; decrease epileptic seizures but cerebral hemispheres act independently
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corpus callosum
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bundle of nerve fibers that connect corresponding parts of one side of the brain to the other
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blindside
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phenomena when blind people reach for objects in their visual field
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generalization
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general conclusion based on observations of similar phenomena
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reduction
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phenomena is described in terms of more elementary processes that underlie it
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determinism
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mental states produced by physical mechanisms
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dualism
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mind(not physical) separate from body(physical) but they interact
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monism
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mind is result of a working CNS
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Hippocrates (father of modern medicine)
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first to associate behavior with the brain
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Aristotle
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believed brain served to cool passion of the heart
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Galen
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thought the ventricles filled with fluid was where spirits were
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Rene Descartes
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father of modern philosophy
discovered reflexes
dualist
soul controls movement of muscles through influence on pineal body
interaction of mind and body through pineal body
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reflex
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automatic movement produced directly in response to a stimulus
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Gall
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believed in phrenology
development of cortex based on bumps on the skull
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Johannes Muller
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doctrine of specific nerve energies
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doctrine of specific nerve energies
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nerve fibers carry the same message(electrical impulse), sensory information must be specified by the particular nerve fibers that are active
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Pierres Flourens
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experimental ablation
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Paul Broca
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found part of the brain responsible for speaking
Broca's area(left side of the brain)
pt Tan- right side of the body paralyzed and lost speech(aphasia)
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Fritsch & Hitzig
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stimulation to primary motor cortex caused contraction of specific muscles on opposite side of the body
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Helmholtz
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invented ophthalmoscope
believed all physiology was mechanistic and could be studied
showed neural signaling was slow
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Antonie Van Leewenhoek
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invented microscope
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natural selection
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process by which inherited traits that confer a specific advantage become more prevalent in the population
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artificial selection
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natural selection controlled by humans
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functionalism
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best way to understand biological phenomenon is to the understand the useful functions for the organism
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mutation
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change in genetic info contained in chromosomes of sperm and eggs which can be passed on to offspring and provide genetic variation
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selective advantage
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allow organism to produce more than average amount of offspring of its species
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evolution
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gradual change in structure and physiology of plants and animals producing more complex organisms
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anapsids
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ancestors of today's turtles
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diaspids
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ancestors of dinosaurs, birds, lizards, crocodiles and snakes
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synapsids
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ancestors of mammals
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therapsids
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dominant land animal during Permian period
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cynodonts(therapsid)
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survived extinction 248 million years ago
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closest relatives to humans
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chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans
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Homo Erectus
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first hominid to leave Africa that went to Europe and Asia
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neotany
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slowing of process of maturation, allowing more time for growth
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behavioral neuroscientist
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scientist that studies the physiology of behavior by preforming physiological and behavioral experiments on lab animals
believe mind is a function preformed by the brain
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PSYC 362: Chapter 1