BUAD 341: Chapter 9
56 Cards in this Set
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positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of informaiton
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Office layout
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An effective layout facilitates the flow of _, _, and _ within and between areas.
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materials, people, and information
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Allocates display space and responds to customer behavior
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Retail layout
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addresses trade-offs between space and material handling
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warehouse layout
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addresses the layout requirements of large, bulky projects such as ships and buildings
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fixed-position layout / project layout
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deals with low-volume, high variety production, also called _ _ or intermittent production
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process-oriented layout
job shop
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arranges machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or group of related products
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work-cell layout
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seeks the best personnel and machine utilization in a repetitive continuous production
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product-oriented / repetitive / continuous
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expose customer to high margin items
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retail layout
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balance low-cost storage with low cost material handling
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warehouse layout
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move material to the limited storage areas around the site
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proejct layout / fixed position
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manage vried material flow for each product
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job shop - process oriented
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identify a product family, build teams, cross-train team members
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work cell layout
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equalize the task time at eqch workstation
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repetitive / continuous
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arnold palmer hospital, hard rock caf, olive garden
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job shop - process oreinted
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hallmark cards, wheeled coach ambulances
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work cell
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based on the idea that sales and profitability vary directlky with customer exposure to products
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retail layouts
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_-_ means to avoid placing materials or supplies in storage by processing them as they are received.
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Cross-docking
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Three factors complicating fixed-position layouts
1. limited _ at virtually all sites
2. at different stages of the projects different....
3. the volume of materials needed is _
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space
different materials are needed, different items become critical as the project develops
dynamic / variety
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about 1/3 of all new homes in the U.S. are built this way
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fixed-position layout
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fixed position heeds that you build things as _ offsite to increase efficiency onsite
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modules
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A _-_ layout can simultaneously handle a wide variety of products or services
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process-oriented
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traditional way to support product differentiation strategy
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process-oriented layout
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Most efficient when making products with different requirements or when handling customers, patients, or clients with different needs
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process-oriented layout
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typically low volume high variety
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process-oriented layout
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job-shop environment
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process-oriented layout
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hospital or clinic
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process oriented layout
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process-oriented layotu is also especially good for handling the manufacture of parts in small batches or _ _, and for the production of a wide variety of parts in different sizes and forms.
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job lots
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disadvantages of process-oriented layout come from the general purpose use of the _
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equipment
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process-oriented layout: general purpose equipment requires high _ and _ are higher because of imbalances in the production process. High WIP increase capital investment
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job skills and WIP
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process oriented layouts look to minimize the costs of _ _, or departments with large flows of parts or people between them should be placed next to one another.
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materials handling cost
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reorganizes people and machines that would ordinarily be dispersed in various departments into a group so that they can focus on making a single product or a group of related prodcuts
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work cell layout
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cell work arrangements are used when volume warrants a special arrangement of _ and _. Work cells are reconfigured as product designs change or volume _.
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machinery and equipment
flucuates
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Well suited for JIT production systems
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Work cell layout
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lower inventory levels, lower space requirements, improve employee morale, higher equipment utilization -> reduced capital investment
higher employee productivity -> lower labor costs
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work cell layouts
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4 Work Cell Requirements
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Identification of families of products
· A high level of training and flexibility on thepart of employees
· Either staff support or flexible, imaginativeemployees to establish work cells initially
· Test (poka-yoke)at each station in the cell
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five advantages of work cell layouts over assembly lines and process facilities
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Inspection is often immediate
2. fewer workers
3. workers can reach more of the work area
4. work area can be more efficiently balanced
5. communication is enhanced
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Work cells are sometimes organized as _ shaped
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U
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_ is one of the many organizations that have had success with work cells
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Canon
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organized around products or families of similar high-volume low-variety products.
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repetitve and product oriented layout
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Assumptions for repetitive and product oriented layout (4)
1. volume is adequate for _ _ utilization
2. product demand is _ to justify high investment in _ _
3. product is _ or approaching phase of life cycle that justifies investment in specialized equipment
4. supplies of raw materi…
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1. high equipment utilization
2. stable; specialized equipment
3. standardized
4. uniform quality
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two types of product oriented layouts
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fabrication and assembly lines
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_ _ builds components such as automovile tires or metal parts for refrigerator. _ _ puts the fabricated parts together at a series of work stations. The Lines must be _ for this to work.
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fabrication line
assembly line
balanced (time wise)
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5 advantages of product oriented layout
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1. economies of scale
2. low material handling costs
3. reduced WIP inventories
4. easier training and supervision
5. rapid throughput
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3 disadvantages of product layout
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1. high volume required because of large investment
2. work stoppage at any one point fucks it all up
3. process flexbility necessary for a variety of products and production rates can be a challange
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in assembly line balancing management must know the _ _ among activities, the sequence in which various tasks must be performed.
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precedence relationship
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Similar to an assembly line, but the product flow is continuous (e.g., chemicals, petroleum, drugs, etc.) rather than discrete (e.g., cars, toys, etc.)
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continuous process layout
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qHighly automated, large volume, high fixed cost facilities, operated on a continuous basis to produce a few standardized products
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continuous process layout
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approach to transforming resources into goods and services
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process strategy
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One essential ingredient in mass customization is _ _
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module design
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one of the similarities between mass customization and focus is _ _
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module inputs
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Utilization in process-oriented facilities is frequently low because
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excess capacity for peak demands is desirable
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hospital layout most closely resembles
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job shop
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big advantage of process oriented layout is its _ in equipment and labor assignments
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flexibility
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best machine utilization layout
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repetitive and product-focused layout
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steel making
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product oriented layout
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BUAD 341: Final