The American Constitution 1788-200-Learning ObjectivesKey TermsSlide 4Reasons the Articles FailedSlide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10The Madisonian Model was very ImportantThe Madisonian ModelSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16The Origins of the ConstitutionSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Three Major CompromisesSlide 22How They Dealt with Economic IssuesRatifying the ConstitutionSlide 25PreambleSlide 28Democratizing the ConstitutionConstitutional ChangeTimeline: Key Points in the Democratization of the United StatesSlide 32SummaryAppendixSlide 35Amending the Constitution: A Two-Stage ProcessThe Connecticut CompromiseSlide 38Slide 39Discussion QuestionsSlide 41Slide 42Slide 43The American ConstitutionThe American Constitution1788-200-1788-200-America’s Second ConstitutionAmerica’s Second ConstitutionLearning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesIdentify the reasons the Articles of Identify the reasons the Articles of Confederation had to be replacedConfederation had to be replacedDescribe the process the founding fathers Describe the process the founding fathers went through in drafting the Constitution, went through in drafting the Constitution, identifying important compromisesidentifying important compromisesExplain the Madisonian ModelExplain the Madisonian ModelDescribe the debate involved in ratificationDescribe the debate involved in ratificationExplain the Amendment processExplain the Amendment processDescribe how the Constitution has Describe how the Constitution has changed since ratificationchanged since ratificationKey TermsKey TermsRepublicRepublicSeparation of PowersSeparation of PowersChecks and BalancesChecks and BalancesPopular SovereigntyPopular SovereigntyFederalist PapersFederalist PapersBill of RightsBill of RightsRatificationRatificationDemocracyDemocracyFoundations of the American Constitution: Foundations of the American Constitution: Republicanism, Separation of Powers, Republicanism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, FederalismChecks and Balances, FederalismI.I.The first American Constitution—Articles of The first American Constitution—Articles of Confederation (1781-1788)—was a failure. Confederation (1781-1788)—was a failure. A. Reflected a fear of strong national governmentA. Reflected a fear of strong national government B. Based on a weak national congress which had B. Based on a weak national congress which had no real power no real power C. States retained all real power C. States retained all real power D. No president, just a presiding officer D. No president, just a presiding officer E. Could make important decisions only by E. Could make important decisions only by unanimous consent. unanimous consent. F. Failure of the Articles was an important F. Failure of the Articles was an important experience for Americaexperience for AmericaReasons the Articles FailedReasons the Articles FailedEconomic TurmoilEconomic TurmoilStates had different currenciesStates had different currenciesStates had laws that favored debtorsStates had laws that favored debtorsShay’s RebellionShay’s RebellionA series of attacks on courthouses by a A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.to block foreclosure proceedings.The Economic IssuesThe Economic IssuesStates had tariffs on products from other States had tariffs on products from other statesstatesPaper money was basically worthlessPaper money was basically worthlessCongress couldn’t raise moneyCongress couldn’t raise moneyActions taken:Actions taken:Powers of Congress strengthenedPowers of Congress strengthenedPowers of states limitedPowers of states limitedThe Individual Rights IssuesThe Individual Rights IssuesSome were written into the Constitution:Some were written into the Constitution:Writ of habeas corpusWrit of habeas corpusNo bills of attainderNo bills of attainderNo ex post facto lawsNo ex post facto lawsReligious qualifications for holding office prohibitedReligious qualifications for holding office prohibitedStrict rules of evidence for conviction of treasonStrict rules of evidence for conviction of treasonRight to trial by jury in criminal casesRight to trial by jury in criminal casesSome were not detailed, but they were protectedSome were not detailed, but they were protectedFreedom of speech/expressionFreedom of speech/expressionRights of the accusedRights of the accusedII. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 II. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was called to amend the Articles.was called to amend the Articles. III. The delegates were appointed by their III. The delegates were appointed by their state governments. They were anstate governments. They were an A. Educated elite A. Educated elite B. With Considerable experience in B. With Considerable experience in state government state government C. Included Washington, Madison, C. Included Washington, Madison, Franklin, Hamilton Franklin, Hamilton D. 74/55/39 D. 74/55/39 E. They were quite familiar with Locke, E. They were quite familiar with Locke, Hobbs, Blackstone, and other theorist.Hobbs, Blackstone, and other theorist.They were all males from 12 of the 13 statesThey were all males from 12 of the 13 statesMostly wealthy planters & merchantsMostly wealthy planters & merchantsMost were college graduates (which was Most were college graduates (which was exceptional at the time)exceptional at the time)Many were coastal residents from the larger Many were coastal residents from the larger cities, not the rural areascities, not the rural areasIV. It took the delegates little time to realize IV. It took the delegates little time to realize that the Articles of Confederation could not that the Articles of Confederation could not be amended in a fashion that would create be amended in a fashion that would create a viable government. The delegates decided a viable government. The delegates decided that they had to write a new constitutionthat they had to write a new constitutionThe Madisonian Model was very The Madisonian Model was very ImportantImportantBased on a Constitutional RepublicBased on a Constitutional RepublicRepublic: A form of government in which Republic: A form of government in which the people select representatives to