LECTURE topics that WILL show up on Exam One 1 The suspect quasi suspect and non suspect classes a Suspect i ii iii i ii iii i b Quasi Suspect Allows for policies to discriminate based on race ethnicity national origin Strict scrutiny Must be compelling state interest for the law Example Korematsu case allowed segregation of Japanese men due to compelling state interest of national security after Pearl Harbor incident Allows for policies to discriminate based on gender Intermediate standard Important State Purpose Example Rostker case required men to enlist for draft but not women Supreme Court decides there is Important State Purpose because majority of the military depended on men c Non Suspect Allows for policies to discriminate based on age wealth or sexual orientation ii Minimum rationality Must have some sort of rational basis iii Example Gregory case required employees to retire at 70 due to diminishing returns at that age 2 The 13th 14th and 15th and 19th Amendments a 13th Freed the slaves b 14th Guarantees protection and forces states to honor civil liberties c 15th Gives men of all races the right to vote d 19th Gives women the right to vote 3 Poll taxes versus literacy tests vs white only primaries prevent African Americans from voting a Poll taxes Tax on voters African Americans at the time had low income so couldn t afford to vote b Literacy tests Designed to be easy to whites but way more difficult for black people Also whites often didn t have to even take the test but was persistent amongst black voters Grandfather clause c White only primaries Only whites could vote for candidates in the primary elections By extension the candidates that colored people could vote on were usually white had views consistent with those white voters and not others So in the final election none of the candidates would likely support non white voters 4 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 a Outlawed arbitrary discrimination in voter registration b Authorized the US justice department to initiate lawsuits to desegregate public schools and facilities c Allowed feds to withhold funds from discriminatory state local programs d Creates the EEOC Equal employment opportunity commision e Prohibits discrimination on basis of race color religion national origin or gender does not explicitly protect sexual harassment f Fixed more issues against females than it did against minorities 5 De jure vs de facto segregation a De jure segregation State imposed segregation Civil Rights Act 64 eradicated it b De facto segregation Self imposed segregation involuntary 6 What did you learn in class about MLK s I have a dream speech a The initial speech was scripted however midway a gospel singer shouted Tell them about your dream a speech that he spoke regularly at churches So he did and spoke with much more passion compared to sticking with with script 7 The major differences between the U S Senate and the U S House a US senate 100 members 6 year terms Members are generalists Very informal Emphasizes foreign policy b US house representation based off of population 435 members 2 year terms More organized and structured Members are highly specialized Emphasize on tax and revenue policies 8 The differences between a trustee delegate and politico a Trustee the representatives decide based on their own judgment instead of following their constituents The constituents TRUST the rep s judgments decisions b Delegate the representatives decide based on what their constituents want feel they are the voice of the people even if they know they re wrong c Politico going back and forth of being a trustee and delegate ex trustee on foreign policy but delegate on domestic policy 9 Of the bills introduced to the U S Congress what percent are enacted a 5 10 10 Currently where do most bills in the U S Congress originate a From the Executive Branch 11 The qualifications to become president a 35 years of age b Natural born citizen c Citizen for 14 years 12 Impeachment and removal of a president a The president may be impeached by the US House for treason bribery high crimes misdemeanors This is however similar to indictment b The senate will take this to trial vote to remove the president Andrew Jackson Bill Clinton were both impeached but NOT removed President Nixon stepped down instead of being removed and had his VP pardon him 13 Treaties vs executive agreements a Treaties formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries b Executive agreements an international agreement usually regarding routine administrative matters not warranting a formal treaty made by the executive branch of the US government without ratification by the Senate 14 The presidential veto power and the number of presidential vetoes that are over ridden a The president can veto any law congress passes but if congress can get of both house and senate to vote against the veto it can be overturned 2 500 have been overrode 60 have been overturned 15 How many cabinet departments are there currently 16 What were the original cabinet departments in 1789 a 15 a Treasury b Defense War c State 17 What is a government corporation and what are some examples of government corporations a A business created by Congress to perform functions that could be performed by private businesses but usually aren t because they aren t profitable b Examples Amtrak Tennessee Valley Corp and Postal Service These are essential services electricity transit communication 18 Marbury v Madison a Single most important Supreme Court decision in history involved John Adams and Thomas Jefferson and their rivalry the act is unconstitutional and the Supreme Court did not have the power to decide if Marbury gets his appointment b Established Judicial Review which is the power of the Supreme Court to find a law passed by congress to be unconstitutional Supreme Court has ultimate veto power 19 The 5th circuit has jurisdiction where a Texas Louisiana Mississippi 20 Judicial restraint vs judicial activism a Restraint Minimalist role for judges Practicers of restraint usually will not use Judicial review to strike down acts of congress Interpreting tends to be contextualist and look at language of the constitution and apply what was known Not looking to apply their own interpretations Typically conservative republicans b Activism Practitioners think the law should be used to promote justice equality and personal liberty and so use Judicial review because certain laws passed interfere with these and