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UT PSY 394U - The Acoustic Characteristics of Aspiration Merger in Korean

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The Acoustic Characteristics of Aspiration Merger in KoreanA three-way contrast in Korean stopsAspiration Merger in KoreanThe phonetic correlates of the three way contrastThe distribution of the aspirated stop and stop-plus-/h/The distribution of the aspirated stop and stop-plus-/h/Previous AnalysisProblems in the previous analysisProblems in the previous analysisThe similarity between [ph] and [p + h]Research QuestionThe Accentual Phrase in KoreanGoalsSpeakersSpeech Material/p + h/ in AAP/p + h/ in APMSpeech Material/ph/ in AAP/ph/ in APMProcedureMeasurementsThe Noise DurationThe Change of IntensityThe Preceding Vowel DurationHypothesesResultsThe Noise DurationThe Noise DurationThe Preceding Vowel DurationThe Preceding Vowel DurationThe Change of IntensityThe Change of IntensityDiscussionThe Domain initial StrengtheningThe Phrase-final LengtheningThe Remained QuestionsReferencesReferences1The Acoustic Characteristics of Aspiration Merger in KoreanMi JangThe University of Texas at AustinDec 06, 20062A three-way contrastin Korean stops• Lenis, Aspirated and Tense stops/p, t, k/, /ph, th, kh/, /p’, t’, k’/• Minimal contrasts for Korean lenis and aspirated stopsLenis Aspiratedpaŋ ‘room’ phaŋ ‘bang’tal ‘moon’ thal ‘mask’kæta ‘to fold up’ khæta ‘to dig up’3Aspiration Merger in Korean• The heteromorphemic sequences of lenis stop and /h/ become an aspirated stop in the word-medial position (Kim-Renaud (1986)).•[pəp] ‘law’ [hak] ‘learning, study’[pəphak] ‘jurisprudence’ ( *[pəphak] )•[ʧət] ‘the first’ [haŋ] ‘a clause’[ʧə thaŋ] ‘the first clause’ (* [ʧəthaŋ] )4The phonetic correlates of the three way contrast• VOTtense stop < lenis stop < aspirated stop•Folenis stop < aspirated stop, tense stop• The duration of the stop closurelenis stop < aspirated stop < tense stop• Concomitant tongue and larynx movements and glottal opening found in the stroboscopic-cine MRI experimentlenis stop < aspirated stop5The distribution of the aspirated stop and stop-plus-/h/• Within the Prosodic Word- aspirated stop: [kipho] ‘air bubble’, [iphak] ‘admission’- stop-plus-/h/: *[ip.hak] *[i.phak]*[iph.ak]6The distribution of the aspirated stop and stop-plus-/h/• Beyond the Prosodic Worda. kɨʧikap hanthæ-nun sirə-hay.(That purse)AP(Hanthae-Top dislike-do) AP‘Hantae dislikes the purse’b. Sonyə-ka phado-lɨl ʧoa-hay(girl-Nom) AP(waves-ACC like-do) AP‘The girl likes waves’7Previous Analysis• Kim(1976) : Coalescence analysis which merges the two segments, /h/-plus-stop or stop-plus-/h/, into a single aspirated stop directly.• Iverson & Kim-Renaud (1998): -Aspiration Adjustment: In a heterosyllabic cluster containing /h/ and a lenis consonant, spread marked features from the coda to the onset. a. stop + /h/: [sip] ‘ten’ + [ho] ‘a number’→ [sipho] ‘ten-number’b. /h/ + lenis stop: [nat] ‘to give birth’ + [ta] ‘DECL’→ [natha] ‘give birth-DECL’-cf) /h/ exists in underlying representation because the Post Obstruent Tensing does not apply to this output (i.e. *[nat’a])8Problems in the previous analysis• Iverson & Kim-Renaud (1998)Variation depending on the different speech styles-They cannot be explained in terms of coalescenceextra careful careful casual[ipphak] * [iphak] [iphak] ‘admission’[sokkhi] * [sokhi] [sokhi] ‘fast-ADVERBIAL’[nattha] [natha] ‘give birth-DECL• Johnson & Oh (1995)- Both aspirated and tense consonants are lengthened intervocalically and there is little difference in emphatic lengthening between a single laryngeal consonant and two underlying consonants intervocalically.• To explain the stop gemination, Iverson & Kim-Renaudassumed intermediate processes such as coda neutralization, geminate reduction9Problems in the previous analysis• aspirated stop + lenis stop: no rightward extension of [spread glottis] into following lenis stop[kip] ‘deep’ [kiphə] ‘deep + DECL’[kip] + [ta]: [kipt’a] ‘deep-DECL’ *[kiptha] • There is no unified explanation about the Aspiration Merger and no production study to provide phonetic evidence for the described pattern of the Aspiration Merger in Korean.10The similarity between [ph] and [p + h]phado ‘waves’ʧikap Hanthæ ‘purse Hantae (PART)11Research Question• Is there physical similarity between the two categories? If so, does the difference between the two categories lie in the timing of the gestures? • Another question is whether the Aspiration Merger is phonetically complete neutralization or incomplete neutralization.-Port & O’Dell(1985): the word-final devoicing in German- incomplete neutralization12The Accentual Phrase in Korean• Beckman & Pirrehumbert (1986), Pirrehumbert & Beckman (1988)The prosodic units larger than a word- based on the surface phonetic form of an utterance by looking at suprasegmentalfeatures such as intonation and final lengthening . • Jun (1993, 1998) - The prosodic hierarchy in Korean: Prosodic Word << Accentual Phrase << Intonational Phrase- An AP can have one or more Words and is marked by a tonal pattern, phrase-initial rise and phrase-final rise, i.e., LH-LH or HH-LH.-The AP initial strengthening -Lenis stop voicing within AP13Goals• To compare the underlying aspirated stop to stop-plus-/h/ with and without the Aspiration Merger.• To vary the prosodic domains and to place the target segments across the Accentual Phrase (AAP) and within the Accentual Phrase (APM).14Speakers• Three males and three females from Seoul, Korea• Their ages ranged from 25-45. • They were recruited from the graduate students at the University of Texas at Austin.15Speech Material(1) /p + h/a) AAP: {kɨ munkap}AP{Hanthæ-nun} AP{sirə-hay} APS[NP[That stationery case] S [NP [Hanthæ-Top] VP [dislike-do]] ‘Hanthae dislikes the stationery case’b) APM:{Pyuŋkaphaksæŋkwa} AP{pap-ɨlmək-ə} APS[PP [ Pyungkap(name) student-with] VP [NP [a meal] V [eat-ending]]] ‘With Pyungkap, (I) have a meal’16/p + h/ in AAP• (1a) ↓ ↓LHL H HL%300 600 900 1200 1500ms100120140160180200220240260280300Hz17/p + h/ in APM(1b) ↓ ↓300 600 900 1200 1500ms100120140160180200220240260280300Hz18Speech Material(2) /ph/a)AAP: {Kɨnyə-ka} AP{phado-lɨl ʧoa-hay} APS[NP


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UT PSY 394U - The Acoustic Characteristics of Aspiration Merger in Korean

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