Social Cognitive Views of Personality Behavior Therapy Assessment Contingencies Therapy Limitations Behavior Therapy Assesment Behaviors are thought of as a sample not symbolic of something else Dependent measure Frequency of target behaviors Place relevant location Behavior Therapy Contingencies Contingencies What is reinforcing the target behavior Behavior Therapy Contingencies Premack principle Identifies reinforcers What does the person do if they can choose Used for the reinforcer for therapy Relativity of reinforcers The ordering establishes a hierarchy of reinforcers Nothing is intrinsically reinforcing Behavior Therapy Contingencies The contingency is folded back into the process Ultimately The distinction between assessment and treatment is artificial Behavior Therapy Therapy A number of applications have been developed Systematic Desensitization Aversion therapy Extinction of cravings Flooding Explosion therapy Behavior Therapy Therapy Systematic Desensitization Behavior Therapy Therapy Systematic Desensitization Establish a hierarchy of phobic activities Train a mutually exclusive response Usually relaxation Behavior Therapy Therapy Systematic Desensitization Transference often starts with imaginative desensitization In vivo desensitization is more effective foreshadowing SLT the process works even better in conjunction with a model Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Associate the unwanted behavior with bad feelings E g treatment of alcoholism with antabuse Problem It s tough to keep the client taking antabuse Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Joke Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Joke how many therapists does it take to change a light bulb Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Joke how many therapists does it take to change a light bulb Answer Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Joke how many therapists does it take to change a light bulb Answer only one but the light bulb has to want to change Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy Joke how many therapists does it take to change a light bulb Answer only one but the light bulb has to want to change For this reason AT is very unpopular with both therapists and clients Behavior Therapy Therapy Aversion therapy For this reason AT is very unpopular with both therapists and clients What do you think would you guys ever use AT Behavior Therapy Therapy Extinction of cravings associated with precipitating cues Behavior Therapy Therapy Extinction of cravings associated with precipitating cues Similar to systematic desensitization Establish a hierarchy of cues that cause cravings Teach them mutually exclusive response relaxation Behavior Therapy Therapy Extinction of cravings associated with precipitating cues Move up the hierarchy Anecdote Dr Stote says this works with heroin but not with meth Behavior Therapy Therapy Flooding Explosion therapy Behavior Therapy Therapy Flooding Explosion therapy Similar to extinction in some ways Establish a hierarchy of cues Lock the client in with the cues They will have an extreme sympathetic response Keep them from escaping Behavior Therapy Therapy Flooding Explosion therapy Guthrie s Contiguity Theory After a while the sympathetic response will diminish Then the stimuli becomes associated with lower arousal levels Behavior Therapy Therapy Flooding Explosion therapy Move them up the hierarchy Supposedly this therapy works very fast This sounds horrific please don t ever do this to me Behavior Therapy Criticisms Criticisms Behavior Therapy Criticisms Criticisms Symptom Substitution Not real personality change Behavior Therapy Criticisms Symptom Substitution The traditional Freudian response Is this just treating the symptoms but not the causes If so another symptom will just crop up elsewhere Behavior Therapy Criticisms Symptom Substitution There is no evidence for this Treatment outcomes must be compared to controls Sometimes clients develop other neuroses but at the same rate as controls Behavior Therapy Criticisms Another criticism personality change Do these therapies actually change personality or just surface behaviors It depends on the definition of personality but Behavior Therapy Criticisms Another criticism personality change By any reasonable definition YES The client s habitual behaviors change the cause of their complaint The client s self concept changes Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior If the problem were distorted cognitions the traditional BT has nothing to work with E g what if excessive perfectionism drives someone into depression Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior Do you think there are any problems that are truly only behavioral with no cognitive component Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior Do you think there are any problems that are truly only behavioral with no cognitive component E g what did you make of the fact noted earlier that Systematic Desensitization works better with a model Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior One possible rejoinder to this limitation Reinforce them to engage in more activities that they find joyous Behavior Therapy The Limitations of BT The problem needs to be only behavior One possible rejoinder to this limitation Reinforce them to engage in more activities that they find joyous Does this sound reasonable to you Behavior Therapy Discussion questions What do you make of the fact that all the therapies are so similar Is BT just a one trick pony OR Are these ingenious extensions of a fundamental principle Ch 12 Social Cognitive Conceptions Mischel 1974 Ch 12 Social Cognitive Conceptions 1 2 Observational Learning Bandura Cognitive Affective Person System CAPS Mischel Observational Learning Bandura 1965 4 Parts to Observational Learning 1 Attention 2 Retention 3 Motor Production 4 Motivation Bandura 1965 4 Parts to Observational Learning 1 Attention 2 Retention 3 Motor Reproduction 4 Motivation Bandura 1965 4 Parts to Observational Learning 1 Attention 2 Retention 3 Motor Production 4 Motivation Bandura 1965 4 Parts to Observational Learning 1 Attention 2 Retention 3 Motor Production 4 Motivation Bandura 1965 4 Parts to Observational Learning 1 Attention 2 Retention 3 Motor Production 4 Motivation
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